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This is a Bill, not an Act. For current law, see the Acts databases.
ACT CIVIL AND ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL BILL 2008
2008
THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
FOR THE AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL
TERRITORY
(As presented)
(Attorney-General)
ACT Civil
and Administrative Tribunal Bill 2008
Contents
Page
2008
THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
FOR THE AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL
TERRITORY
(As presented)
(Attorney-General)
ACT Civil and
Administrative Tribunal Bill 2008
A Bill for
An Act to establish the ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal to resolve
issues arising under certain legislation, and for other
purposes
The Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory enacts as
follows:
This Act is the ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act
2008.
(1) This Act commences on a day fixed by the Minister by written
notice.
Note 1 The naming and commencement provisions automatically commence
on the notification day (see Legislation Act, s 75 (1)).
Note 2 A single day or time may be fixed, or different days or times
may be fixed, for the commencement of different provisions (see Legislation Act,
s 77 (1)).
(2) If this Act has not commenced within 2 years beginning on its
notification day, it automatically commences on the first day after that
period.
(3) The Legislation Act, section 79 (Automatic commencement of postponed
law) does not apply to this Act.
The dictionary at the end of this Act is part of this Act.
Note 1 The dictionary at the end of this Act defines certain terms
used in this Act, and includes references (signpost definitions)
to other terms defined elsewhere in this Act.
For example, the signpost definition ‘contract
application, for part 4 (Civil disputes)—see section 15.’
means that the term ‘contract application’ is defined in that
section for part 4.
Note 2 A definition in the dictionary (including a signpost
definition) applies to the entire Act unless the definition, or another
provision of the Act, provides otherwise or the contrary intention otherwise
appears (see Legislation Act, s 155 and s 156 (1)).
A note included in this Act is explanatory and is not part of this
Act.
Note See the Legislation Act, s 127 (1), (4) and (5) for the
legal status of notes.
5 Offences
against Act—application of Criminal Code etc
Other legislation applies in relation to offences against this
Act.
Note 1 Criminal Code
The Criminal Code, ch 2 applies to all offences against this Act (see Code,
pt 2.1).
The chapter sets out the general principles of criminal responsibility
(including burdens of proof and general defences), and defines terms used for
offences to which the Code applies (eg conduct,
intention, recklessness and strict
liability).
Note 2 Penalty units
The Legislation Act, s 133 deals with the meaning of offence penalties that
are expressed in penalty units.
Part
2 Objects and important
concepts
The objects of this Act are—
(a) to provide for a wide range of matters arising under legislation to be
resolved by the ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal; and
(b) to ensure that access to the tribunal is simple and inexpensive, for
all people who need to deal with the tribunal; and
(c) to ensure that applications to the tribunal are resolved as quickly as
is consistent with achieving justice; and
(d) to ensure that decisions of the tribunal are fair; and
(e) to enhance the quality of decision making under legislation;
and
(f) to encourage, and bring about, compliance in decision making under
legislation; and
(g) to encourage tribunal members to act in a way that promotes the
collegiate nature of the tribunal; and
Note Unless otherwise provided by this
Act, the tribunal for the exercise of functions, other than functions in
relation to applications, is made up of the presidential members (see s
93).
(h) to identify and bring to the Attorney-General’s attention
systemic problems in relation to the operation of authorising laws.
7 Principles
applying to Act
In exercising its functions under this Act, the tribunal
must—
(a) ensure the procedures of the tribunal are as simple, quick,
inexpensive and informal as is consistent with achieving justice; and
(b) observe natural justice and procedural fairness.
(1) To remove any doubt, the tribunal need not comply with the rules of
evidence applying in the ACT.
(2) However, in exercising its functions, the tribunal must
consider—
(a) the desirability of an approach consistent with the rules of evidence
in the ACT; and
(b) whether it is practicable to comply with the Evidence
Act 1995 (Cwlth) and still give effect to the objects and
principles of this Act.
(3) The exercise of a function by the tribunal is not affected by a
failure to comply with subsection (2).
Note The tribunal may inform itself in any way it considers
appropriate in the circumstances (see s 26).
Part
3 Applications to
tribunal
9 Applications
under authorising laws
A person may apply to the tribunal if an authorising law provides that the
application may be made.
An application to the tribunal must—
(a) comply with the rules; and
(b) be in writing, whether with or without the registrar’s help;
and
Note The registrar may help a person put
an application in writing (see s 13).
(c) state the reasons for making the application; and
(d) for an application for review of a decision—be made within
28 days after the day the decision to be reviewed is made; and
Note The rules may prescribe a longer
period for making the application (see s 25 (1) (e) and (2)).
(e) be lodged at the tribunal registry.
Note 1 If a form is approved under s 117 for an application, the
form must be used.
Note 2 A fee may be determined under the Court Procedures Act
2004, s 13 for this provision.
11 Applications
subject to authorising laws
The right under an authorising law to make an application to the tribunal
is subject to any condition stated in the authorising law.
12 When
no action taken to be decision
(1) This section applies if—
(a) an entity (the decision-maker) is required or allowed to
do something under an authorising law; and
(b) the decision-maker has not done the thing within the period for doing
the thing under the authorising law or, if no period is stated under the
authorising law, a reasonable period for doing the thing; and
(c) the authorising law provides that a person may apply to the tribunal
for review of a decision under the authorising law in relation to doing the
thing.
(2) The decision-maker is taken to have decided, at the end of the period
for doing the thing, not to do the thing.
13 Help
with applications etc
(1) This section applies if the registrar considers that a person making
an application, or considering making an application, needs help with the
application.
(2) The registrar must take reasonably practicable steps to give the
person the help with the application that the registrar considers
appropriate.
Examples of help
1 advising person about the role of the tribunal
2 helping person to put application in writing
Note An example is part of the Act, is not exhaustive and may
extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision in which it appears
(see Legislation Act, s 126 and s 132).
14 Advising
Attorney-General about systemic problems
(1) This section applies if it appears to the tribunal that applications
to the tribunal indicate a systemic problem in relation to—
(a) the operation of an authorising law; or
(b) other matters that come to the tribunal’s attention in the
course of exercising its functions.
(2) The tribunal must tell the Attorney-General about the
problem.
In this part:
common boundaries determination means a determination under
the Common Boundaries Act 1981, and includes a variation of a
determination.
contract application means an application in relation to a
contract, and includes an application for damages for breach of
contract.
damages application means an application for damages for
negligence or for any other tort except nuisance or trespass.
debt application means an application for the recovery of a
debt.
debt declaration, in relation to an application, means an
order declaring that—
(a) the applicant is or is not indebted to the respondent; or
(b) the applicant is or is not indebted to the respondent for a stated
amount; or
(c) the applicant is or is not indebted to the respondent for an amount
that is more than a stated amount.
goods application means an application in relation to the
provision of goods or services, and includes an application for damages for the
detention, or return, of goods.
nuisance application means an application for relief for
nuisance.
residential tenancy application means an application
under—
(a) the Residential Tenancies Act 1997; or
(b) the standard residential tenancy terms; or
(c) the standard occupancy terms.
standard occupancy terms—see the Residential
Tenancies Act 1997, dictionary.
standard residential tenancy terms—see the
Residential Tenancies Act 1997, dictionary.
trespass application means an application for relief for
trespass to land.
16 Meaning
of civil dispute and civil dispute
application—Act
In this Act:
civil dispute means a dispute in relation to which a civil
dispute application may be made.
civil dispute application means an
application that consists of 1 or more of the following applications:
(a) a contract application;
(b) a damages application;
(c) a debt application;
(d) a goods application;
(e) a nuisance application;
(f) a trespass application;
(g) an application for a debt declaration;
(h) an application for a common boundaries determination;
(i) an application stated to be a civil dispute application in an
authorising law.
17 Civil
dispute applications
A person may make a civil dispute application to the tribunal.
18 $10
000 limit on civil dispute applications
(1) A civil dispute application cannot be made to the tribunal for an
amount greater than the tribunal’s jurisdictional limit, unless
section 20 (Abandoning excess to come within jurisdiction) or section 21
(Jurisdiction by agreement—amounts over $10 000) allows the application to
be made.
(2) The tribunal’s jurisdiction is limited to—
(a) civil dispute applications claiming amounts of not more than
$10 000; or
(b) in relation to debt declarations—applications for declarations
for debts of not more than $10 000.
Note For working out an amount to decide whether the tribunal has
jurisdiction—see s 19.
(3) This section does not apply to—
(a) an application for a common boundaries determination; or
(b) a residential tenancy application; or
(c) an application prescribed by regulation.
19 Working
out amount of application for jurisdiction
(1) In working out the amount claimed, or the amount sought to be declared
as a debt, to decide whether the tribunal has jurisdiction in relation to a
civil dispute application, the following amounts for the application are to be
disregarded:
(a) a claim for interest;
(b) a claim for a lump sum instead of interest.
(2) In working out the amount claimed, to decide whether the tribunal has
jurisdiction in relation to a goods application, the following amounts are to be
considered:
(a) the value of the goods or services;
(b) any amount claimed for damages for the detention of the
goods.
20 Abandoning
excess to come within jurisdiction
(1) This section applies if a person would be entitled to make an
application claiming an amount greater that $10 000 in a court of competent
jurisdiction.
(2) The person may, by a civil dispute application to the tribunal,
abandon the excess by limiting the claim to $10 000.
21 Jurisdiction
by agreement—amounts over $10 000
(1) This section applies if—
(a) a civil dispute application could be made to the tribunal but for
section 18 ($10 000 limit on civil dispute applications); and
(b) the parties agree to the application being decided by the tribunal;
and
(c) the tribunal is satisfied that the parties understand that the amount
of the claim in excess of $10 000 is not being abandoned.
(2) The civil dispute application may be made, and the tribunal has
jurisdiction to hear the application, despite section 18.
22 Tribunal
jurisdiction and powers of Magistrates Court
(1) The tribunal has, in relation to civil dispute applications, the same
jurisdiction and powers as the Magistrates Court has under the Magistrates
Court Act 1930, part 4.2 (Civil jurisdiction).
(2) However, a rule may prescribe provisions of the Magistrates Court
Act 1930, part 4.2 that do not apply in relation to the
tribunal.
Part
5 Tribunal
procedures
Division
5.1 Procedures
generally
23 Tribunal
decides own procedure
The tribunal may decide its own procedure in relation to a particular
matter in a hearing or a step in dealing with an application if no procedure is
prescribed under this Act, an authorising law for the application or the
rules.
Note 1 The procedures of the tribunal must be as simple, quick,
inexpensive and informal as is consistent with achieving justice.
Note 2 A reference to an Act includes a reference to the statutory
instruments made or in force under the Act, including regulations (see
Legislation Act, s 104).
(1) The tribunal may make rules in relation to the practice and procedure
of the tribunal and the tribunal registry.
Note The power to make rules for the tribunal includes power to
make rules in relation to any matter necessary or convenient to be prescribed
for carrying out or giving effect to the jurisdiction of the tribunal under any
law of the Territory or Commonwealth that authorises or requires anything to be
done in or in relation to the tribunal (see Legislation Act, s 45).
(2) In making a rule, the tribunal must consider—
(a) the requirement to ensure that applications to the tribunal are
resolved as quickly as is consistent with achieving justice; and
(b) the requirement for procedures of the tribunal to be as simple, quick,
inexpensive and informal as is consistent with achieving justice; and
(c) rules dealing with similar matters under the Court Procedures Rules
2006; and
(d) if the rule is a kind mentioned in section 25 (1) (e)—the
desirability of being able to rely on the words in the Act.
(3) This section does not limit the power of the tribunal or a tribunal
member to control proceedings.
(4) A rule is a notifiable instrument.
Note A notifiable instrument must be notified under the Legislation
Act.
(5) The tribunal must provide the rule-making committee, under the
Court Procedures Act 2006, with a copy of a rule made by the
tribunal.
25 Subject
matter of rules
(1) The rules the tribunal may make under section 24 include, but are not
limited to, rules to do the following:
(a) to allow the tribunal to make orders in a short form;
(b) to prescribe how the tribunal may deal with applications and other
proceedings, including when a tribunal may stop a person representing another
person before the tribunal;
(c) to facilitate the early resolution of matters arising in applications;
Example
The tribunal may make rules about referring an application to an agency
that the tribunal considers is more appropriate to handle the
application.
Note An example is part of the Act, is
not exhaustive and may extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision
in which it appears (see Legislation Act, s 126 and s
132).
(d) to prescribe the functions, and limits on the functions, of the
registrar;
(e) to prescribe a time for doing a thing by a person that is longer than
the time for doing the thing provided under this Act or an authorising
law—
(i) in relation to an application to the tribunal; but
(ii) not in relation to any thing to be done by the tribunal;
Example
a rule about the time for filing an application
(f) to allow the tribunal to make orders about costs for complying with
subpoenas.
(2) If a rule of a kind mentioned in subsection (1) (e) prescribes a time
for doing something that is longer than the time for doing the thing set out in
this Act or an authorising law, the time for doing the thing is the longer time
prescribed by rule.
26 Tribunal
may inform itself
The tribunal may inform itself in any way it considers appropriate in the
circumstances.
Examples
1 asking an assessor for expert advice on a matter
2 relying on previous experience in relation to the matter
Note 1 The tribunal must observe natural justice and procedural
fairness (see s 7).
Note 2 An example is part of the Act, is not exhaustive and may
extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision in which it appears
(see Legislation Act, s 126 and s 132).
27 Procedures
in authorising laws
(1) An authorising law may set out procedures for dealing with an
application made under the authorising law.
(2) Any procedure under an authorising law for dealing with an application
prevails over the procedures set out in this Act or the rules for dealing with
the application, to the extent of any inconsistency.
(3) To remove any doubt, this Act is not inconsistent with an authorising
law only because 1 Act deals with a matter and the other does not.
28 Time
and place of proceedings
(1) The tribunal sits at the times and places the general president
decides.
(2) The tribunal must not sit in a place usually used by a court for
proceedings unless the general president is satisfied that no other suitable
place is available or appropriate in the circumstances.
29 Parties
to applications
(1) The parties to an application are the applicant and the respondent,
unless this section or an authorising law otherwise provides.
(2) The parties to an application for occupational discipline are the
entity bringing the application and the person to whom the application
relates.
(3) The parties to an application for review of a decision are the
applicant and the decision-maker.
(4) The tribunal may, by written notice to the parties to an application,
join a person as a new party to the application.
A person may, in relation to an application before the tribunal, appear in
person or be represented by a lawyer or other person prescribed under the
rules.
Note The rules may make provision about when the tribunal may stop
a person representing another person before the tribunal (see s 25 (1)
(b)).
Division
5.3 Case
management
31 Early
resolution of applications
The tribunal must take all reasonably practicable steps to resolve matters
arising in an application before the application is heard.
32 Frivolous
and vexatious applications
(1) This section applies if—
(a) the tribunal considers an application is frivolous or vexatious;
or
(b) a person who has made an application to the tribunal has been dealt
with as frivolous or vexatious by a court or tribunal in Australia.
(2) The tribunal may, by order, do 1 or more of the following:
(a) refuse to hear the application;
(b) dismiss the application;
(c) direct that the person who made the application not make a subsequent
application to the tribunal of the kind stated in the direction—
(i) within a stated period of time; or
(ii) without the leave of the tribunal.
(3) The tribunal may make an order under subsection (2) on its own
initiative or on application by a party.
(4) The tribunal may vary or revoke a direction given under
subsection (2) (c)—
(a) on its own initiative; or
(b) on application by the person who is the subject of the
order.
Note The tribunal must observe natural justice and procedural
fairness (see s 7).
33 Preliminary
conferences
(1) The tribunal may require the parties to an application to attend a
preliminary conference.
(2) The tribunal may make inquiries, or require further information from a
party, for or during a preliminary conference.
Example
The tribunal may talk to the person who made a complaint to which an
application for occupational discipline relates.
Note 1 Consequences for failure to comply with an order of the
tribunal are set out in s 48 (2) (c) and s 74.
Note 2 An example is part of the Act, is not exhaustive and may
extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision in which it appears
(see Legislation Act, s 126 and s 132).
34 Admissibility
of evidence given at preliminary conference
(1) Evidence given before the tribunal during a preliminary conference is
not admissible against a person in a criminal proceeding.
(2) Evidence of any words spoken at a preliminary conference must not be
admitted in a proceeding under this Act.
35 Mediation
for applications
(1) This section applies if, before the hearing of an application, the
tribunal considers that the matter (the subject matter) to which
the application relates—
(a) is suitable for mediation; and
(b) is reasonably likely to be resolved by mediation.
(2) The tribunal may, by order—
(a) refer the subject matter to a registered mediator for mediation; and
(b) require the parties to attend the mediation.
(3) The tribunal may make the order on its own initiative or on
application by a party.
Note Consequences for failure to comply with an order of the
tribunal are set out in s 48 (2) (c) and s 74.
(4) In this section:
registered mediator—see the Mediation Act 1997,
dictionary.
36 Applications
to be heard
The tribunal must hear each application made to it unless the
tribunal—
(a) refuses to hear the application or dismisses it; or
(b) decides not to hold a hearing.
Note 1 The tribunal may refuse to hear an application or dismiss it
under s 32 (2) (a) and (b) and decide not to hold a hearing under s
54.
Note 2 The tribunal may make rules to facilitate the early
resolution of matters arising in applications, including rules about referring
an application to an agency that the tribunal considers is more appropriate to
handle the application (see s 25 (1) (c)).
The registrar must give written notice of the time and place for the
hearing of an application to the parties.
38 Hearings
usually in public
(1) The hearing of an application by the tribunal must be in
public.
(2) However, this section does not apply to a hearing, or part of a
hearing, if the tribunal makes an order under section 39 in relation to the
hearing, or part.
39 Hearings
in private or partly in private
(1) This section applies in relation to an application if—
(a) a party to the application—
(i) applies for an order under this section; or
(ii) is a person under a legal disability; and
(b) the tribunal is satisfied that the right to a public hearing is
outweighed by competing interests.
Note See s (4) in relation to competing
interests.
(2) If this section applies in relation to an application, or part of an
application, the tribunal may, by order, do 1 or more of the
following:
(a) direct that the hearing of the application, or part of the hearing,
take place in private and give directions about the people who may be
present;
(b) give directions prohibiting or restricting the publication of evidence
given at the hearing, whether in public or private, or of matters contained in
documents filed with the tribunal or received in evidence by the tribunal for
the hearing;
(c) give directions prohibiting or restricting the disclosure to some or
all of the parties to the application of evidence given at the hearing, or of a
matter contained in a document lodged with the tribunal or received in evidence
by the tribunal for the hearing.
(3) A person must not contravene an order under subsection (2) (b)
or (c).
Maximum penalty: 50 penalty units, imprisonment for 6 months or
both.
(4) For this section, the right to a public hearing is outweighed by
competing interests if the tribunal is satisfied that the application, or part
of the application, should be kept private—
(a) to protect morals, public order or national security in a democratic
society; or
(b) because the interest of the private lives of the parties require the
privacy; or
(c) to the extent privacy is strictly necessary, in special circumstances
of the application, because publicity would otherwise prejudice the interests of
justice.
40 Secrecy
for private hearings etc
(1) In this section:
court includes any entity with power to require the
production of documents or answering of questions.
divulge includes communicate.
produce includes allow access to.
protected information means information that is disclosed to,
or obtained by, a person to whom this section applies if—
(a) the information is disclosed to the person because of the exercise of
a function under this Act by the person or someone else; and
(b) at disclosure, the function is being exercised in relation
to—
(i) a hearing held in private; or
(ii) evidence, or a document, to which a direction under section 39 (2)
(b) or (c) applies.
(2) This section applies to a person who is, or has been—
(a) a tribunal member; or
(b) a member of the staff of the tribunal; or
(c) acting under the direction or authority of the tribunal.
(3) The person commits an offence if—
(a) the person—
(i) makes a record of protected information; and
(ii) is reckless about whether the information is protected information;
or
(b) the person—
(i) does something that divulges protected information; and
(ii) is reckless about whether—
(A) the information is protected information; and
(B) doing the thing would result in the information being
divulged.
Maximum penalty: 50 penalty units, imprisonment for 6 months or
both.
(4) This section does not apply if the record is made, or the information
is divulged—
(a) under this Act or another territory law; or
(b) in relation to the exercise of a function, as a person to whom this
section applies, under this Act or another territory law.
(5) The person need not divulge protected information to a court, or
produce a document containing protected information to a court, unless it is
necessary to do so for this Act or another territory law.
41 Powers
in relation to witnesses etc
(1) The tribunal may, by subpoena given to a person, require the person,
at a stated time and place, to appear before the tribunal to do 1 or more of the
following:
(a) produce a stated document or other thing relevant to the
hearing;
(b) give evidence.
Note 1 Notice may be given electronically in certain circumstances
(see Electronic Transactions Act 2001).
Note 2 If a form is approved under s 117 for this provision, the
form must be used.
(2) A person is taken to have complied with a subpoena under subsection
(1) (a) if the person gives the document or other thing to the tribunal
before the date stated in the subpoena for its production.
(3) The tribunal may give a party leave to inspect a document produced
under a subpoena.
(4) The presiding member at the hearing of an application may require a
person appearing before the tribunal to give evidence to do 1 or more of the
following:
(a) take an oath;
(b) answer a question relevant to the hearing;
(c) produce a stated document or other thing relevant to the
hearing.
Note 1 The Legislation Act, s 170 and s 171 deal with the
application of the privilege against selfincrimination and client legal
privilege.
Note 2 Oath includes affirmation and take an
oath includes make an affirmation (see Legislation Act, dict, pt 1).
(5) If a subpoena is issued to give evidence under subsection (1) (b), the
subpoena must—
(a) state the time and place at which the person must appear before the
tribunal; and
(b) contain a statement to the effect that the person may be represented
before the tribunal by a lawyer or someone else and that the person may wish to
obtain legal advice in relation to the subpoena; and
(c) contain a statement to the effect that the person may apply to the
tribunal for a direction under section 45 (Taking part other than in
person).
Note If a form is approved under s 117 for a subpoena, the form must
be used.
42 Arrest
if people fail to appear
(1) If a person who is subpoenaed to
appear before the tribunal under section 41 does not appear, a presidential
member may, on proof of the service of the subpoena,
issue a warrant to arrest the person and bring the person before the
tribunal.
(2) However, the presidential member may only
issue a warrant if satisfied that—
(a) the tribunal has taken reasonably practicable steps to contact the
person; and
(b) the issue of a warrant is in the interests of justice.
(3) In deciding whether it is in the interests of justice to issue a
warrant, the tribunal must consider the following:
(a) the importance of the evidence that the tribunal expects the person to
give;
(b) whether the evidence could be obtained by other means;
(c) the nature of the application;
(d) the degree of urgency to resolve the matter;
(e) the likelihood that issuing the warrant would secure the
person’s attendance at the hearing;
(f) if the tribunal has contacted the person—
(i) the reason (if any) given by the person for not attending under the
subpoena; and
(ii) the impact of using the warrant for the arrest of the
person.
(1) This section applies if a presidential member issues a warrant under
section 42.
(2) The warrant authorises a police officer to—
(a) arrest the person named in the warrant; and
(b) bring the person before the tribunal.
(3) A police officer executing the warrant—
(a) may, with necessary assistance and
force, enter any premises to arrest the person named
in the warrant; and
(b) must use not more than the minimum amount of force necessary to arrest
the person and remove the person to the place stated in the warrant;
and
(c) must, before removing the person,
explain to the person the purpose of the warrant;
and
(d) must bring the person immediately before a presidential member;
and
(e) if a person is under a legal disability—must inform a parent or
guardian of the person of the arrest.
(4) If, after arresting the person, the police officer believes on
reasonable grounds that the person cannot be brought immediately before a
presidential member, the police officer must immediately release the
person.
44 Procedure
in absence of party
(1) This section applies if, at the time set for the hearing of an
application, a party fails to appear either personally or by a
representative.
(2) The tribunal may—
(a) order that the application be set down for hearing at another time;
or
(b) order that stated other steps be taken before the hearing proceeds as
the tribunal directs; or
(c) adjourn the hearing; or
(d) proceed with the hearing in the absence of the party either generally
or in relation to any relief claimed in the application; or
(e) if the party is the applicant—dismiss the application;
or
(f) if the party is not the applicant or respondent—remove the party
from the application.
45 Taking
part other than in person
The tribunal may direct that a person may take part or give evidence in a
preliminary conference or hearing of an application by a method of
communication, or a combination of methods of communication, that allows people
to hear what each other person taking part says without the people being in each
other’s presence.
Examples
a phone link, a satellite link, an internet or intranet link
Note An example is part of the Act, is not exhaustive and may
extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision in which it appears
(see Legislation Act, s 126 and s 132).
Division
5.5 Other matters
If a document is required by this Act or an authorising law to be lodged
with the tribunal, the document must be lodged at the tribunal
registry.
Note Documents may be lodged electronically in certain circumstances
(see Electronic Transactions Act 2001).
At any stage in dealing with an application, the tribunal
may—
(a) on its own initiative or on application by a party—order that a
document in relation to the application be amended; or
(b) with the agreement of the parties—give leave to a party to amend
a document of the party.
(1) The parties to an application must bear their own costs unless this
Act otherwise provides or the tribunal otherwise orders.
(2) However—
(a) if the tribunal decides an application in favour of the
applicant—the tribunal may order the other party to pay the applicant the
filing fee for the application; or
(b) if the tribunal considers that a party to an application caused
unreasonable delay or obstruction before or while the tribunal was dealing with
the application—the tribunal may order the party to pay the reasonable
costs of the other party arising from the delay or obstruction; or
(c) subject to section 49, if a party to the application contravenes an
order of the tribunal—the tribunal may order the party to pay the costs or
part of the costs of the application to the other party.
49 Costs
for contravening an order
(1) The tribunal may award costs against a party for contravening an order
under section 48 (2) (c) only if satisfied that it is in the interests of
justice to do so.
(2) In deciding whether it is in the interests of justice to award costs,
the tribunal must consider the following:
(a) whether the contravention was deliberate or could easily have been
avoided;
(b) whether (and if so, the extent to which) the contravention has
affected the tribunal’s ability to hear the application
promptly;
(c) the importance to the community of people being able to afford to
bring applications to the tribunal.
(3) The tribunal may consider any other relevant matter.
(4) Costs are payable in accordance with the scale of costs in the rules
under the Court Procedures Act 2004 applying in relation to the Supreme
Court.
50 Disclosure
of material interests by tribunal members
(1) If a tribunal member (the interested member) has a
material interest in a matter in an application, the interested member must, as
soon as practicable after the relevant facts come to the interested
member’s knowledge, disclose the nature of the interest
to—
(a) the general president, the presiding member and the parties;
or
(b) if the interested member is the presiding member—the general
president and the parties.
Note Material interest is defined in s (4). The definition
of indirect interest in s (4) applies to the definition of
material interest.
(2) The interested member must not, unless each party
consents—
(a) take part, or continue to take part, in the tribunal dealing with the
application; or
(b) exercise any function in relation to the application.
(3) If the general president becomes aware that a tribunal member is, or
will be, part of the tribunal dealing with an application and that the member
has a material interest, the president must—
(a) disclose the conflicting interest to the parties; or
(b) if the president considers that the member should not take part, or
should not continue to take part, in the tribunal dealing with the
application—direct the member not to take part or continue to take
part.
(4) In this section:
associate, of a person, means—
(a) the person’s business partner; or
(b) a close friend of the person; or
(c) a family member of the person.
executive officer, of a corporation, means a person (however
described) who is concerned with, or takes part in, the corporation’s
management, whether or not the person is a director of the
corporation.
indirect interest—without limiting the kinds of
indirect interests a person may have, a person has an indirect interest
in a matter if any of the following has an interest in the
matter:
(a) an associate of the person;
(b) a corporation if the corporation has not more than 100 members
and the person, or an associate of the person, is a member of the
corporation;
(c) a subsidiary of a corporation mentioned in paragraph (b);
(d) a corporation if the person, or an associate of the person, is an
executive officer of the corporation;
(e) the trustee of a trust if the person, or an associate of the person,
is a beneficiary of the trust;
(f) a member of a firm or partnership if the person, or an associate of
the person, is a member of the firm or partnership;
(g) someone else carrying on a business if the person, or an associate of
the person, has a direct or indirect right to participate in the profits of the
business.
material interest—a tribunal member has a
material interest in a matter if the member has—
(a) a direct or indirect financial interest in the matter; or
(b) a direct or indirect interest of any other kind if the interest could
conflict with the proper exercise of the member’s functions in relation to
the tribunal’s consideration of the matter.
51 Reporting
of disclosed tribunal member interests to Minister
(1) Not later than 31 days after the end of a financial year, the general
president must report to the Attorney-General in writing about—
(a) each disclosure under section 50 made during the financial year;
and
(b) the nature of each interest disclosed; and
(c) for each disclosure—whether the tribunal member who made the
disclosure took part or continued to take part in the tribunal dealing with, or
exercised any function in relation to, the application to which the disclosure
related; and
(d) each direction (if any) under section 50 (3) given during
the financial year.
(2) The Attorney-General must give a copy of the report to the relevant
committee of the Legislative Assembly within 31 days after the day the
Attorney-General receives the report.
(3) In this section:
relevant committee means—
(a) a standing committee of the Legislative Assembly nominated by the
Speaker for subsection (2); or
(b) if no nomination under paragraph (a) is in effect—the standing
committee of the Legislative Assembly responsible for legal
affairs.
Part
6 Powers and decisions of
tribunal
Division
6.1 Powers and decisions
generally
52 Decisions
by majority or presiding member
(1) This section applies to a tribunal constituted for an application with
more than 1 tribunal member.
(2) A question in the application is decided according to the decision of
the majority of members (other than any assessor) of the tribunal for the
application.
(3) If, for any reason, the tribunal cannot reach a majority decision on a
question, the decision of the presiding member is the decision of the tribunal
on the question.
(1) This section applies if, before the hearing of an
application—
(a) a party to the application applies to the tribunal for an order under
this section; and
(b) the tribunal is satisfied that, if an order under this section were
not made before the hearing of the application, the party applying for the order
would be disadvantaged or suffer harm.
(2) The tribunal may make any order (an interim order) it
considers appropriate to protect the position of the party that applied for the
order.
Note The tribunal must observe natural justice and procedural
fairness (see s 7).
(3) An interim order remains in force until the earliest of the following
happens:
(a) the end of 12 weeks after the day the order is made;
(b) the tribunal orders otherwise;
(c) the tribunal makes an order at the end of the hearing to which the
interim order relates.
(4) The tribunal may, on application by a party while an interim order is
in force—
(a) vary the order; or
(b) revoke the order; or
(c) extend the order for a further 14 days.
(5) If the person against whom an interim order is made is not present
when the order is made, the registrar must arrange for a copy of the order to be
served on the person as soon as practicable after the order is made.
54 Decisions
without hearing
(1) The tribunal may give each party to an application written notice to
the effect that—
(a) the tribunal proposes to decide the application without holding a
hearing; and
(b) if the party wishes to make representations about the proposal, the
party must make the representations within—
(i) 21 days after the day the notice is given; or
(ii) if the tribunal decides that a shorter period is required in all the
circumstances of the application—the shorter period.
Note The rules may prescribe a longer
period for making representations (see s 25 (1) (e) and (2)).
(2) The tribunal may decide not to hold a hearing in relation to the
application only if the tribunal—
(a) has given notice under subsection (1); and
(b) has taken into consideration any representations made by a party
within the 21-day period or shorter period decided by the tribunal under
subsection (1) (b); and
(c) is satisfied that—
(i) it is in the public interest not to hold a hearing; and
(ii) the tribunal has sufficient information to make an informed decision
on the application.
Note The tribunal must observe natural justice and procedural
fairness (see s 7).
55 Powers
of tribunal if parties reach agreement
(1) This section applies if, at any stage in dealing with an
application—
(a) the parties reach agreement—
(i) about the terms of a tribunal decision in relation to the application;
or
(ii) about how to deal with a part of the application or a matter arising
out of the application; and
(b) the terms (the agreed terms) of the agreement are
reduced to writing, signed by the parties and lodged with the tribunal;
and
(c) the tribunal is satisfied that an order or decision in, or consistent
with, the agreed terms would be—
(i) within the powers of the tribunal; and
(ii) appropriate for the tribunal to make.
(2) If the agreed terms are about a tribunal decision in relation to the
application, the tribunal may, by order, make a decision in accordance with the
agreed terms—
(a) without holding a hearing; or
(b) if a hearing has begun—without completely dealing with the
application at the hearing.
(3) If the agreed terms are about dealing with part of the application or
a matter in relation to the application, the tribunal may give effect to the
agreed terms in its decision without dealing with the matter to which the agreed
terms relate at the hearing of the application.
56 Other
actions by tribunal
The tribunal may, by order—
(a) hear an application jointly with another application that arises from
the same or similar facts; or
(b) make other orders with the consent of the parties to the application
or as the tribunal considers necessary or convenient; or
(c) amend or set aside a tribunal order if—
(i) the order was made after hearing an application in the absence of a
party; or
(ii) the order is in error in relation to an amount or the name or
address of a party, and the tribunal proposes to amend or set aside the order
only to correct the error; or
(iii) extraordinary circumstances make it appropriate to amend or set
aside the order; or
(d) take any other action in relation to an application—
(i) that the tribunal considers appropriate; and
(ii) that is consistent with this Act or an authorising law.
Note 1 The tribunal must observe natural justice and procedural
fairness (see s 7).
Note 2 A reference to an Act includes a reference to the statutory
instruments made or in force under the Act, including regulations (see
Legislation Act, s 104).
57 Powers
and decisions in authorising laws
An authorising law may set out the powers of the tribunal, and the
decisions it may make on an application made under the authorising
law.
58 No
limitation on other functions of tribunal
This part does not limit any other function given to the tribunal under
this Act or another territory law.
59 Tribunal
to record details of order and give copy to parties
(1) If the tribunal makes an order on an application, the tribunal
must—
(a) make and keep a written record of the details of the order;
and
(b) give each party a copy of the order within 7 days after the day
the tribunal makes the order.
(2) A party may ask the tribunal for a copy of the details of the order
within 7 days after the day the tribunal makes the order.
(3) The tribunal must give the party a copy of the details of the order
within 7 days after the day the party asks for a copy.
(4) This section does not apply to an order under section 53 (Interim
orders).
Note The rules may prescribe a longer period for asking for order
details (see s 25 (1) (e) and (2)).
(1) This section applies if—
(a) the tribunal makes an order on an application; and
(b) within 14 days after the day the order is made, a party asks for a
statement of reasons for the making of the order.
(2) The tribunal must give the party a written statement of reasons for
the making of the order.
(3) The statement of reasons must set out—
(a) any principles of law relied on by the tribunal; and
(b) the way in which the tribunal applied the principles of law to the
facts.
Note The Legislation Act, s 179 deals with what other information
must be included in a statement of reasons.
(4) This section does not apply to an order under section 53 (Interim
orders).
Note The rules may prescribe a longer period for asking for a
statement of reasons (see s 25 (1) (e) and (2)).
61 Making
and effect of orders
(1) An order of the tribunal is made by the order being—
(a) pronounced in the tribunal by the tribunal for the application making
the order; or
(b) recorded, in accordance with the tribunal’s practice, as having
been entered.
(2) An order takes effect on the day that the order is made.
(3) However, the tribunal may order that the order takes effect on an
earlier or later date or at any earlier or later time.
(1) After the tribunal finishes dealing with an application, the tribunal
for an application may reserve the decision on the application, and may deliver
the decision on another date or a date to be set.
(2) If the tribunal reserves a decision on an application, the tribunal
may arrange for a written statement of reasons for the decision to be prepared
setting out the proposed order.
(3) If the tribunal arranges for a statement of reasons to be prepared,
the tribunal may arrange for another tribunal member to deliver the statement,
even if the tribunal member was not allocated to the tribunal for the
application.
(4) The other tribunal member must, at a convenient time, publish in the
tribunal the statement of reasons for the decision.
(5) The publication by the other tribunal member has the same effect as
if, at the time of publication, the tribunal that reserved the decision made the
order proposed in the statement of reasons and published the
statement.
The tribunal may correct an error in an order, including a decision, of the
tribunal that arises from a clerical mistake or accidental slip or
omission.
Division
6.2 Powers and decisions in
applications for occupational discipline
In this division:
ground for occupational discipline, in relation to a person
who is licensed, or registered, under an authorising law has the same meaning as
under the authorising law.
subject person—see section 65.
65 Considerations
before making orders on application for occupational
discipline
(1) This section applies if the tribunal is considering an application for
occupational discipline against a person (the subject
person).
(2) The tribunal may make an order for occupational discipline in relation
to the subject person if satisfied that a ground for occupational discipline
exists against the person.
(3) In considering what occupational discipline to use against the subject
person, the tribunal must consider the following:
(a) whether the person took reasonable steps to avoid the action (the
contravention) that is the ground for occupational
discipline;
(b) whether occupational discipline has previously been used against the
person for a similar act;
(c) whether the person has taken steps to mitigate the effect of the
contravention;
(d) the impact of the contravention on any other person;
(e) the likelihood that the person will act in a way that is a ground for
occupational discipline in the future;
(f) whether the entity bringing the application has applied for particular
occupational discipline to be used and, if so, the kind of occupational
discipline applied for.
Example—par (c)
the person has changed a method of work or given a direction to staff to
prevent further contraventions
Note An example is part of the Act, is not exhaustive and may
extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision in which it appears
(see Legislation Act, s 126 and s 132).
(4) The tribunal may consider any other relevant matter.
66 Orders
for occupational discipline
(1) This section applies if the tribunal may make an order for
occupational discipline in relation to the subject person.
Note Section 65 sets out when the tribunal may make an
order.
(2) The tribunal may make 1 or more of the following orders for
occupational discipline in relation to the subject person:
(a) reprimand the person;
(b) require the person to give a written undertaking;
(c) require the person to complete a stated course of training to the
satisfaction of the regulatory body or another stated person;
(d) give the person a direction;
Note For directions that may be given,
see s 67.
(e) cancel or suspend the person’s licence or registration;
(f) disqualify the person from applying for a licence, or registration, of
a stated kind for a stated period or until a stated thing happens;
(g) direct the regulatory body to—
(i) place a condition on the person’s licence or registration;
or
(ii) remove or amend a condition placed on the person’s licence or
registration;
(h) require the person to pay to the Territory or someone else a stated
amount (not more than any amount prescribed by regulation);
(i) if the person gained financial advantage from the action that is the
ground for occupational discipline—require the person to pay to the
Territory an amount assessed as the amount of financial advantage gained by the
person.
(3) This section does not limit the orders the tribunal may
make.
(4) In this section:
regulatory body means the entity responsible for issuing
licences of the kind held by the subject person or for registering people in the
occupation or profession in which the subject person is registered.
67 Kinds
of directions for licensed and registered people
(1) The tribunal may give a direction under
section 66 (2) (d) that the tribunal considers appropriate in a
particular case.
(2) The directions the tribunal may give include a direction to comply
with a requirement under an Act, a licence or registration, or to place a
condition on a licence or registration.
(3) A direction must state the period within which the subject person must
comply with the direction.
(4) The tribunal may, on application, extend the period for compliance
stated in a direction either before or after the end of the stated
period.
(5) The tribunal must not give a direction under section 66 (2) (d) that
would result in inconsistency with an express requirement placed on the subject
person’s licence or registration under the Act under which the person is
licensed or registered.
Note A reference to an Act includes a reference to the statutory
instruments made or in force under the Act, including regulations (see
Legislation Act, s 104).
Division
6.3 Powers and decisions in
applications for administrative review
(1) This section applies if the tribunal reviews a decision by an
entity.
(2) The tribunal may exercise any function given by an Act to the entity
for making the decision.
Note A reference to an Act includes a reference to the statutory
instruments made or in force under the Act, including regulations (see
Legislation Act, s 104).
(3) The tribunal must, by order—
(a) confirm the decision; or
(b) vary the decision; or
(c) set aside the decision and—
(i) make a substitute decision; or
(ii) remit the matter that is the subject of the decision for
reconsideration by the decision-maker in accordance with any direction or
recommendation of the tribunal.
69 Effect
of orders for administrative review
(1) This section applies if the tribunal makes an order under
section 68 (3) in relation to a decision.
(2) The order—
(a) is taken to be the decision of the decision-maker; and
(b) takes effect from the day the decision has or had effect, unless the
tribunal orders otherwise.
Part
7 Enforcement and
offences
70 Application
of Criminal Code, ch 7
A proceeding before the tribunal is a legal proceeding for the Criminal
Code, chapter 7 (Administration of justice offences).
Note That chapter includes offences (eg perjury, falsifying
evidence, failing to attend and refusing to be sworn) applying in relation to
tribunal proceedings.
(1) A money order or non-money order made by the tribunal is, by force of
this section, taken to have been filed in the Magistrates Court for enforcement
under the Court Procedures Rules 2006, part 2.18 (Enforcement) on
the day the order is made.
(2) In this section:
money order—see the Court Procedures Rules 2006,
rule 2000.
non-money order—see the Court Procedures Rules
2006, rule 2000.
72 Faulty
filed orders referred back to tribunal
(1) This section applies if there is an error in an order (a faulty
order) mentioned in section 71 (1) that prevents the Magistrates
Court from enforcing the order.
(2) The Magistrates Court may refer the faulty order back to the tribunal
to allow the tribunal to take action to correct the order.
(3) The tribunal takes action to correct a faulty order
if—
(a) the tribunal amends the order under section 56 (c) (Other actions by
tribunal) to correct the error; or
(b) the tribunal corrects the error in the order under section 63
(Correction of errors); or
(c) if the order cannot be amended under section 56 (c) or the error
corrected under section 63—the general president requests a
correction to the order under section 78 (Correction requests).
(1) This section applies in relation to a faulty order if—
(a) the tribunal amends the order under section 56 (c) (Other actions by
tribunal) to correct the error; or
(b) the tribunal corrects the error in the order under section 63
(Correction of errors); or
(c) the correction tribunal corrects the order under section 78
(Correction requests).
(2) The faulty order as amended or corrected is taken to have been filed
in the Magistrates Court for enforcement under the Court Procedures Rules
2006, part 2.18 (Enforcement) on the day the order is amended or
corrected.
(3) In this section:
faulty order—see section 72.
74 Failure
to comply with order
(1) A party to an application must not, without reasonable excuse, fail to
comply with a tribunal order.
(2) If a party contravenes subsection (1), the tribunal may do 1 or more
of the following:
(a) order the person to pay to the Territory a stated amount (not more
than any amount prescribed by regulation);
(b) if the party is the applicant—strike out the application in
relation to the dispute;
(c) if the party is the respondent—make an order in favour of the
applicant.
(3) If the tribunal orders a person who is the subject of an application
for occupational discipline to pay an amount, the tribunal must tell the person
that, if the person does not pay the amount, the person’s licence or
registration may be suspended or cancelled under section 76.
(4) Failure to tell a person that the person’s licence or
registration may be suspended or cancelled does not affect any action the
registrar takes in relation to the person under section 76.
(5) This section does not limit any other power of the tribunal under this
Act.
75 Nonpayment
of amounts ordered to be paid
(1) This section applies if—
(a) a person is licensed, or registered, under an authorising law;
and
(b) the tribunal orders the person to pay a stated amount within a stated
period; and
(c) the person does not pay the amount within the period or, if the
tribunal allows a further period for payment, within the further period.
(2) The registrar must give the person written notice (a warning
notice) that the person’s licence or registration may be suspended
or cancelled if the person does not pay the amount within 14 days after the day
the registrar gives the person the notice.
Note 1 For how documents may be served, see the Legislation Act,
pt 19.5.
Note 2 The rules may prescribe a longer period for paying an amount
under a warning notice (see s 25 (1) (e) and (2)).
76 Suspension
or cancellation on warning notice
(1) This section applies if—
(a) the registrar has given a person who is licensed or registered a
warning notice under section 75 relating to the licence or registration;
and
(b) the person does not pay the amount required to be paid under the
warning notice.
(2) The tribunal may, after the period for payment of the amount has
ended, suspend or cancel the person’s licence or registration.
(3) The tribunal may act under subsection (2) on application by the
regulatory body or on its own initiative.
(4) In this section:
regulatory body means the entity responsible for issuing
licences of the kind held by the person or for registering people in the
occupation or profession in which the person is registered.
Part
8 Referrals and appeals
Division
8.1 Tribunal referrals and
appeals
77 Referral
of questions of law within tribunal
(1) This section applies if a tribunal (the requesting
tribunal) is dealing with an application.
(2) The requesting tribunal may, on its own initiative or on application
by a party, ask the appeal president to allocate 1 or more tribunal members to a
tribunal (the ruling tribunal) to give a ruling on a question of
law.
(3) If the ruling tribunal gives a ruling on a question of law, the
requesting tribunal is bound by the ruling.
Note Question of law includes whether a question is a
question of law (see dict).
(4) A ruling tribunal is made up of 1 or more of the following tribunal
members allocated by the appeal president:
(a) a presidential member;
(b) a senior member who is a lawyer and has been a lawyer for 5 years
or more.
(5) However, a ruling tribunal must not contain a tribunal member
allocated to the requesting tribunal.
(1) This section applies if the general president requests a correction to
an order made on an application (the original application) to the
tribunal.
(2) The appeal president must—
(a) allocate 1 or more tribunal members to a correction tribunal to
consider the request for correction; and
(b) give notice of the request to the parties to the original
application.
(3) The correction tribunal may—
(a) hear submissions from the parties as to whether the correction should
be made; or
(b) if, the tribunal is satisfied that no party would be disadvantaged by
the tribunal not hearing submissions—make a decision under subsection (4)
without hearing submissions.
(4) The correction tribunal must—
(a) make the correction if, in all the circumstances of the case, the
tribunal considers it appropriate to do so; or
(b) refuse to make the correction.
(5) A correction tribunal is made up of 1 or more of the following
tribunal members allocated by the appeal president:
(a) a presidential member;
(b) a senior member who is a lawyer and has been a lawyer for 5 years
or more.
79 Appeals
within tribunal
(1) This section applies if—
(a) the tribunal has decided an application (the original
application); and
(b) the original application was not an appeal from a decision by the
tribunal.
(2) A party to the original application may, by application, appeal the
decision to the tribunal on a question of fact or law.
(1) The appeal president may give an applicant for an appeal written
notice that—
(a) the subject matter of the appeal is substantively similar to other
appeals rejected by the tribunal; and
(b) the appeal president proposes to dismiss the appeal; and
(c) if the applicant wishes to make representations about the proposal,
the applicant must make the representations within 21 days after the day
the notice is given.
Note The rules may prescribe a longer
period for making representations (see s 25 (1) (e) and (2)).
(2) The appeal president may decide to dismiss the application only if the
tribunal—
(a) has given notice under subsection (1); and
(b) has taken into consideration any representations made by the applicant
within the 21-day period; and
(c) is satisfied that—
(i) it is in the public interest for the tribunal not to consider the
appeal; and
(ii) the appeal president has sufficient information to make an informed
decision to dismiss the application.
Note The tribunal must observe natural justice and procedural
fairness (see s 7).
(3) If the tribunal dismisses an application for an appeal under this
section, the applicant may appeal the original decision of the tribunal to the
Supreme Court under section 86.
81 Constitution
of appeal tribunal
(1) This section—
(a) applies if a party to the original application appeals a decision to
the tribunal on a question of fact or law; but
(b) does not apply if the appeal president —
(i) dismisses an appeal under section 80; or
(ii) refers the appeal to the Supreme Court under section 85.
(2) On appeal, the appeal president must allocate tribunal members to an
appeal tribunal to review the decision on the original application.
(3) An appeal tribunal is made up of—
(a) 1 or more presidential members; or
(b) 1 or more presidential members and 1 or more non-presidential
members.
(4) However, an appeal tribunal must not contain a tribunal member who was
allocated to the tribunal that decided the original application.
(5) In this section:
original application—see section 79.
An appeal tribunal may, as the tribunal considers appropriate, deal with an
appeal—
(a) as a new application; or
(b) as a review of all or part of the original decision on the application
by the tribunal.
Division
8.2 Supreme Court referrals and
appeals
83 Removal
of applications from tribunal to Supreme Court
(1) On joint application by the parties to an application or an appeal,
the tribunal must order that the application be removed to the Supreme
Court.
(2) On application by a party to an application or an appeal, the tribunal
may order that the application be removed to the Supreme Court.
84 Referral
of questions of law to Supreme Court
(1) If the tribunal considers that a question of law that arises in
considering an application or an appeal raises an issue of public importance,
the tribunal may refer the question to the Supreme Court.
(2) The tribunal may act under subsection (1) on its own initiative or on
application by a party.
85 Referral
of appeals to Supreme Court
(1) This section applies if—
(a) a party to an application appeals the decision on the application to
the tribunal under section 79; and
(b) the appeal president considers that the appeal could be dealt with
more conveniently or effectively by the Supreme Court; and
(c) the appeal president considers it would be appropriate for the appeal
to be referred to the Supreme Court; and
(d) the appeal president has obtained the Supreme Court’s leave to
refer the appeal.
(2) The appeal president—
(a) may decide not to deal with the appeal; and
(b) if paragraph (a) applies—must refer the appeal to the Supreme
Court.
86 Appeals
to Supreme Court
(1) A party to an application for an appeal may appeal to the Supreme
Court on a question of fact or law from—
(a) a decision of the appeal tribunal; or
(b) if the appeal president dismissed the appeal under section
80—the original decision of the tribunal.
(2) However, the appeal may be brought only with the Supreme Court’s
leave.
87 Sending
documents and things to Supreme Court
(1) For a Supreme Court proceeding—
(a) the tribunal must send to the Supreme Court any document or thing that
was before the tribunal that relates to the Supreme Court proceeding;
and
(b) at the end of the Supreme Court proceeding, the court must return the
document or thing to the tribunal.
(2) In this section:
Supreme Court proceeding means—
(a) a removal of an application to the Supreme Court under
section 83; or
(b) a question of law in relation to a proceeding referred to the court
under section 84; or
(c) a referral of an appeal to the court under section 85; or
(d) an appeal of a decision of the tribunal to the court under section
86.
Part
9 The ACT civil and administrative
tribunal
Division
9.1 Establishment and
constitution
88 Establishment
of tribunal
(1) The ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal is established.
(2) The tribunal has the following divisions:
(a) administrative review;
(b) civil disputes;
(c) occupational discipline;
(d) general.
(3) The tribunal may establish other tribunal divisions.
(4) The establishment of a tribunal division is a notifiable
instrument.
Note A notifiable instrument must be notified under the Legislation
Act.
89 Constitution
of tribunal for applications
(1) The general president must allocate tribunal members to a tribunal for
an application.
Note The general president may allocate people to a tribunal for the
hearing of an application or to provide an advisory opinion on an application
(see decision, dict).
(2) The general president may allocate to the tribunal for an application
1 or more of the following tribunal members:
(a) a presidential member;
(b) a non-presidential member.
(3) The general president may appoint an assessor to the tribunal for an
application.
(4) However, the general president must not allocate an assessor to a
tribunal unless there is at least one presidential member or non-presidential
member allocated to the tribunal.
90 Considerations
before allocating tribunal members to application
Before allocating a tribunal member to a tribunal for an application, the
general president must consider—
(a) the nature and complexity of the matter to be decided by the tribunal;
and
(b) whether to allocate a member with special qualifications or
experience; and
(c) any other matter for consideration stated in an authorising
law.
91 President
to nominate presiding member
If a presidential member is not allocated to the tribunal for an
application, the general president must nominate a tribunal member allocated to
the tribunal as the presiding member.
92 Tribunal
member for an application not available
(1) This section applies if a person who is a tribunal member allocated to
the tribunal for an application ceases to be a tribunal member, or ceases to be
available, before the tribunal finishes dealing with the application.
(2) The general president must—
(a) direct the remaining members allocated to the tribunal to continue
dealing with the application; or
(b) allocate another tribunal member to the tribunal for the application
to replace the person; or
(c) direct that a new tribunal be made up for the application.
(3) The tribunal, however reconstituted under subsection (2), may deal
with the application as it considers appropriate.
Example
deal with the application anew
Note An example is part of the Act, is not exhaustive and may
extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision in which it appears
(see Legislation Act, s 126 and s 132).
93 Constitution
of tribunal to exercise other functions
Unless otherwise provided under this Act, the tribunal for the exercise of
a function other than in relation to an application is made up of the
presidential members.
Note A reference to an Act includes a reference to the statutory
instruments made or in force under the Act, including regulations and rules (see
Legislation Act, s 104).
Division
9.2 Tribunal
members
94 Appointment
of presidential members
(1) The Executive may appoint—
(a) a general president of the tribunal; and
(b) an appeal president of the tribunal; and
(c) other presidential members of the tribunal.
Note For the making of appointments (including acting appointments),
see the Legislation Act, pt 19.3.
(2) However, the Executive must not appoint a person under
subsection (1) unless the person is a lawyer and has been a lawyer for 5
years or more.
(3) The Executive may appoint 1 person to the positions of general
president and appeal president.
(4) The appointment of a presidential member is a notifiable
instrument.
Note A notifiable instrument must be notified under the Legislation
Act.
95 Requirements
of appointment—presidential members
(1) The Executive must, in relation to the appointment of presidential
members, determine—
(a) the criteria that applies to the selection of a person for
appointment; and
(b) the process for selecting the person.
(2) A determination is a notifiable instrument.
Note A notifiable instrument must be notified under the Legislation
Act.
96 Appointment
of non-presidential members
(1) The Attorney-General may appoint a person to the tribunal as a senior
member or ordinary member.
(2) However, the Attorney-General must not appoint a person under
subsection (1) unless satisfied that the person has the experience or expertise
to qualify the person to exercise the functions of a senior member or ordinary
member.
(3) A regulation may make provision in relation to the appointment of
senior and ordinary members of the tribunal, including when the Attorney-General
may or must be satisfied that a person has the experience or expertise to
exercise the functions of a senior member or ordinary member.
(4) The appointment of a non-presidential member is a notifiable
instrument.
Note A notifiable instrument must be notified under the Legislation
Act.
97 Appointment
of assessors
(1) The general president may appoint a person to the tribunal as an
assessor.
(2) However, the general president must not appoint a person under
subsection (1) unless satisfied that the person has the experience or
expertise to qualify the person to exercise the functions of an
assessor.
(3) An assessor may provide specialist or technical advice to a tribunal
for an application, if asked by the tribunal.
(4) The appointment of an assessor is a notifiable instrument.
Note A notifiable instrument must be notified under the Legislation
Act.
(1) The appointment of a person as a presidential member is for the
term—
(a) stated in the appointment, which must be no less than 7 years;
or
(b) if no term is stated in the appointment—7 years.
(2) The appointment of a person as a non-presidential member is for the
term stated in the appointment or, if no term is stated, for 5 years.
Note A person may be reappointed to a position if the person is
eligible to be appointed to the position (see Legislation Act, s 208 and
dict, pt 1, def appoint).
(1) The Executive may end a person’s appointment as a
non-presidential member—
(a) for misbehaviour; or
(b) for physical or mental incapacity, if the incapacity affects the
exercise of the person’s functions; or
(c) for failure to disclose a material interest under section
50.
Note A person’s appointment also ends if the person resigns
(see Legislation Act, s 210).
(2) Without limiting what constitutes misbehaviour under this section, a
tribunal member misbehaves if the member fails to act consistently with the
undertaking given by the member under section 109.
Note The Judicial Commissions Act 1994, s 4 provides that a
presidential member may only be removed from office in accordance with that
Act.
100 Conditions
of appointment generally
A person appointed as a tribunal member holds the position on terms not
provided by this Act that are—
(a) decided by the Executive; and
(b) stated in the appointment.
101 Temporary
members if tribunal members absent etc
(1) This section applies if—
(a) a person who is a tribunal member (the absent person) is
expected to be absent or otherwise unavailable; and
(b) a person (the temporary member) is appointed as a
tribunal member on a temporary basis to undertake the functions of the absent
member; and
(c) the Executive is of the opinion that the temporary member’s
appointment should continue after the absent member ceases to be absent or
unavailable, because of an expected application or special circumstance.
(2) The Executive may require, in writing, that the temporary member
continue to act under the appointment until the temporary member resigns or the
Executive ends the appointment.
(3) However, the temporary member must not continue to act for more than
1 year after the absent member ceases to be absent or
unavailable.
(1) This section applies if a presidential member is—
(a) an eligible employee for the Superannuation Act 1976 (Cwlth);
or
(b) a member of the superannuation scheme for the Superannuation Act
1990 (Cwlth); or
(c) a member of any other superannuation scheme determined by the
Attorney-General.
(2) The Executive may retire the tribunal member on the ground of
invalidity with the member’s consent.
(3) A determination is a notifiable instrument.
Note A notifiable instrument must be notified under the Legislation
Act.
103 Tribunal
members not to do other work
A presidential member must not, without the Attorney-General’s
written consent—
(a) engage in remunerative employment otherwise than in connection with
the member’s functions as a tribunal member; or
(b) accept appointment to another position under a territory law or a law
of the Commonwealth, a State or another Territory.
104 Functions
of presidential members generally
(1) A presidential member may exercise any function given to presidential
members under this Act or another territory law.
Note A reference to an Act includes a reference to the statutory
instruments made or in force under the Act, including regulations and rules (see
Legislation Act, s 104).
(2) To remove any doubt, the exercise of a function by a presidential
member does not affect the power of a president to exercise the
function.
105 Functions
of general president
(1) The general president is responsible for ensuring—
(a) that decisions are made according to law; and
(b) the orderly and prompt discharge of tribunal business.
Examples—par (a)
1 ensuring decisions are free from improper interference
2 ensuring the quality and consistency of decision making by tribunal
members, including by maintaining skills and resources for that
purpose
Example—par (b)
The general president is responsible for allocating people to make up a
tribunal for a particular application.
Note An example is part of the Act, is not exhaustive and may
extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision in which it appears
(see Legislation Act, s 126 and s 132).
(2) However, the general president must not exercise a function of the
appeal president unless the function is delegated to the general
president.
(3) The general president may delegate the president’s functions
under this Act to the appeal president or another presidential member.
Note For the making of delegations and the exercise of delegated
functions, see the Legislation Act, pt 19.4.
106 Functions
of appeal president
(1) The appeal president is responsible for ensuring the orderly and
prompt discharge of tribunal business relating to referrals and appeals under
part 8.
Example
The appeal president is responsible for allocating people to make up an
appeal tribunal.
Note An example is part of the Act, is not exhaustive and may
extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision in which it appears
(see Legislation Act, s 126 and s 132).
(2) The appeal president may only exercise a function of the general
president if the function is delegated to the appeal president.
(3) The appeal president may delegate the president’s functions
under this Act to the general president or another presidential
member.
Note For the making of delegations and the exercise of delegated
functions, see the Legislation Act, pt 19.4.
107 Functions
of non-presidential members
(1) A non-presidential member may exercise a function of a presidential
member unless—
(a) this Act provides otherwise; or
(b) the general president otherwise directs.
(2) However, the general president must not give a direction about
exercising the functions of the appeal president without the appeal
president’s agreement.
(3) To remove any doubt, the exercise of a function by a non-presidential
member does not affect the power of a presidential member to exercise the
function.
108 Functions
of assessors
(1) An assessor may exercise any function given to an assessor under this
Act.
(2) An assessor cannot delegate the assessor’s functions under this
Act.
109 Undertaking
before exercising tribunal member functions
Before exercising any function as a tribunal member, the member must give
an undertaking to the Territory in accordance with schedule 1—
(a) for a presidential member—before a judge of the Supreme Court;
or
(b) for a non-presidential member or assessor—before a presidential
member.
Division
9.3 Registrar and
staff
110 Appointment
of registrar
(1) The chief executive may appoint a public servant as the tribunal
registrar.
(2) However, the chief executive must not appoint a person under
subsection (1) unless satisfied that the person has the experience or
expertise to qualify the person to exercise the functions of the
registrar.
Note 1 For the making of appointments (including acting
appointments), see the Legislation Act, pt 19.3.
Note 2 In particular, an appointment may be made by naming a person
or nominating the occupant of a position (see Legislation Act,
s 207).
111 Functions
of registrar—non-presidential functions
(1) The registrar may exercise a function of a non-presidential member
unless—
(a) this Act provides otherwise; or
(b) the general president otherwise directs.
Example
The registrar may hear and decide an application and make any order the
tribunal may make.
Note An example is part of the Act, is not exhaustive and may
extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision in which it appears
(see Legislation Act, s 126 and s 132).
(2) However, the general president must not give a direction about
exercising the functions of the appeal president without the appeal
president’s agreement.
(3) To remove any doubt, the exercise of a function by the registrar does
not affect the power of a presidential member to exercise the
function.
112 Functions
of registrar—other
(1) In addition to the functions given to the registrar under this Act or
another territory law, the registrar has the following functions:
(a) to provide the public with information about the services provided by
or through the tribunal;
(b) to provide the public with information about, and refer people to,
other services provided by government or otherwise for resolving
disputes;
(c) to maintain the records of the tribunal.
Note The registrar may give a person
making an application, or considering making an application, the help the
registrar considers appropriate (see s 13).
(2) The registrar must exercise functions in consultation with, and
subject to any direction of, the general president.
113 Delegation
of functions of registrar
The registrar may delegate functions to a public servant.
Note For the making of delegations and the exercise of delegated
functions, see the Legislation Act, pt 19.4.
(1) The chief executive may appoint 1 or more public servants as deputy
registrars of the tribunal.
(2) A deputy registrar may exercise a function of the registrar, subject
to any direction of the registrar.
115 Staff
assisting registrar
The staff assisting the registrar must be employed under the Public
Sector Management Act 1994.
116 Protection
of members etc from liability
(1) A protected person is not personally liable for conduct done honestly
and without recklessness—
(a) in the exercise of a function under this Act; or
(b) in the reasonable belief that the conduct was in the exercise of a
function under this Act.
(2) Any liability that would, apart from this section, attach to the
protected person attaches instead to the Territory.
(3) In this section:
conduct means an act or an omission to do an act.
protected person means a person who is or has
been—
(a) a tribunal member; or
(b) acting under the direction or authority of the tribunal, including
under the direction or authority of the registrar.
Example—par (b)
a registered mediator to whom an application is referred under s
35
Note An example is part of the Act, is
not exhaustive and may extend, but does not limit, the meaning of the provision
in which it appears (see Legislation Act, s 126 and s
132).
(1) The tribunal may, in writing, approve forms for this Act.
(2) If the tribunal approves a form for a particular purpose, the approved
form must be used for that purpose.
Note For other provisions about forms, see the Legislation Act, s
255.
(3) An approved form is a notifiable instrument.
Note A notifiable instrument must be notified under the Legislation
Act.
118 Regulation-making
power
(1) The Executive may make regulations for this Act.
Note A regulation must be notified, and presented to the Legislative
Assembly, under the Legislation Act.
(2) A regulation may make provision in relation to the
following:
(a) an amount payable under an order on application for occupational
discipline;
(b) an amount payable for failure to comply with a tribunal
order;
(c) the appointment of non-presidential tribunal members.
The Consumer and Trader Tribunal Act 2003 (A2003-16) is
repealed.
Schedule
1 Undertaking for exercise of tribunal
member functions
(see s 109)
I,
[name], undertake to the Territory that I will well and truly serve in
the office of [presidential member/non-presidential member/assessor] and that I
will do right to all people, according to law, without fear or favour, affection
or ill will.
(see s 3)
Note 1 The Legislation Act contains definitions and other provisions
relevant to this Act.
Note 2 For example, the Legislation Act, dict, pt 1 defines the
following terms:
• appoint
• chief executive (see s 163)
• contravene
• Executive
• exercise
• function
• interest
• lawyer
• proceeding
• public servant.
appeal president means the appeal president appointed under
section 94.
appeal tribunal means a tribunal made up under section 81 to
review a decision of the tribunal.
assessor means a person appointed under section 97.
authorising law means—
(a) a territory law that provides that an application may be made to the
tribunal; and
(b) for a civil dispute—includes this Act.
civil dispute—see section 16.
civil dispute application—see section 16.
common boundaries determination, for part 4
(Civil disputes)—see section 15.
contract application, for part 4 (Civil disputes)—see
section 15.
damages application, for part 4 (Civil
disputes)—see section 15.
debt application, for part 4 (Civil
disputes)—see section 15.
debt declaration, for part 4 (Civil
disputes)—see section 15.
decision, of the tribunal,
means—
(a) an original decision on a matter stated in an application;
or
(b) the review of another entity’s decision stated in an
application; or
(c) an advisory opinion on a stated matter referred to the tribunal;
or
(d) for an appeal—a decision by the tribunal for the
appeal.
general president means the general president appointed under
section 94.
goods application, for part 4 (Civil disputes)—see
section 15.
ground for occupational discipline, for division 6.2 (Powers
and decisions in applications for occupational discipline)—see
section 64.
non-presidential member means a senior member or ordinary
member of the tribunal appointed under section 96.
nuisance application, for part 4 (Civil disputes)—see
section 15.
occupational discipline, in relation to a person who is
licensed, or registered, under an authorising law—
(a) means any action the tribunal may take in relation to the person under
the authorising law; and
(b) includes action the tribunal may take under section 66 (Orders for
occupational discipline).
party, to an application, means a party to the application
under section 29.
presidential member means the general president, appeal
president or another presidential member appointed under section 94.
question of law includes whether a question is a question of
law.
registrar means the tribunal registrar appointed under
section 110.
residential tenancy application, for part 4 (Civil
disputes)—see section 15.
rules means the rules of the tribunal made under section
24.
standard occupancy terms, for part 4 (Civil
disputes)—see section 15.
standard residential tenancy terms, for part 4 (Civil
disputes)—see section 15.
subject person, for division 6.2 (Powers and decisions in
applications for occupational discipline)—see section 65.
trespass application, for part 4 (Civil disputes)—see
section 15.
tribunal means—
(a) the ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal established under section
88; and
(b) for an application—means the tribunal made up under
section 89 for the application; and
(c) for an appeal—an appeal tribunal.
tribunal member means a presidential member, non-presidential
member or assessor.
Endnotes
1 Presentation speech
Presentation speech made in the Legislative Assembly on 2008.
2 Notification
Notified under the Legislation Act on 2008.
3 Republications of amended laws
For the latest republication of amended laws, see
www.legislation.act.gov.au.
© Australian Capital Territory
2008
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