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This is a Bill, not an Act. For current law, see the Acts databases.


CRIMINAL PROPERTY CONFISCATION BILL 2000

                         Western Australia


     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000

                            CONTENTS


                    Part 1 -- Preliminary
1.      Short title                                             2
2.      Commencement                                            2
3.      Meaning of terms used in this Act                       2
4.      Confiscable property -- synopsis                         2
5.      Application of Act to confiscable property              3
            Part 2 -- Confiscation of property
6.      Unexplained wealth, criminal benefits, substituted
        property                                                4
7.      Automatic confiscation of certain property              4
8.      Drug trafficker's property                              4
9.      Effect of confiscation -- registrable real property      6
10.     Effect of confiscation -- other property                 6
          Part 3 -- Identifying and recovering
                 confiscable property
               Division 1 -- Unexplained wealth
11.     Applications for unexplained wealth declarations        7
12.     Unexplained wealth declarations                         7
13.     Assessing the value of unexplained wealth               8
14.     Unexplained wealth payable to State                     9
                 Division 2 -- Criminal benefits
15.     Applications for criminal benefits declarations         9
16.     Criminal benefits declarations -- crime-derived
        property                                                9
17.     Criminal benefits declarations -- unlawfully acquired
        property                                               10

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Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



Contents



   18.      Limitations and ancillary orders                          10
   19.      Assessing the value of criminal benefits                  11
   20.      Criminal benefits payable to State                        11
            Division 3 -- Crime-used property substitution
   21.      Applications for crime-used property substitution
            declaration                                               12
   22.      Crime-used property substitution declarations             12
   23.      Assessing the value of crime-used property                13
   24.      Substituted property payable to State                     14
            Division 4 -- Recovery of confiscable property
   25.      Recovery of unexplained wealth, criminal benefits or
            substituted property                                      14
   26.      Use of frozen property to meet liability                  15
   27.      Use of effectively controlled property or gifts to meet
            liability                                                 15
   28.      Confiscable property declarations                         15
   29.      Restrictions on confiscation of declared confiscable
            property                                                  16
   30.      Declarations of confiscation                              17
   31.      Notice of confiscation of registrable property            17
   32.      Variation of declarations                                 17
           Part 4 -- Preventing dealings in confiscable
                           property
            Division 1 -- Seizure of crime-used and crime-
                          derived property
   33.      Seizure of crime-used or crime-derived property           18
           Division 2 -- Freezing notices for crime-used and
                       crime-derived property
   34.      Issue of freezing notices                                 19
   35.      Form of freezing notice                                   19
   36.      Service and filing of freezing notices                    20
   37.      Statutory declarations required under freezing notice     21
   38.      Duration of freezing notice -- registrable real
            property                                                  22
   39.      Duration of freezing notice -- other property              22
   40.      Cancellation of freezing notices                          23


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                                                               Contents



         Division 3 -- Freezing orders for confiscable
                          property
41.     Applications for freezing orders                          24
42.     Proceedings for freezing orders                           24
43.     Freezing orders                                           24
44.     Grounds specified in freezing orders                      26
45.     Scope of freezing orders                                  26
46.     Service of freezing orders                                27
47.     Statutory declarations about frozen property              28
48.     Duration of freezing orders -- registrable real
        property                                                  29
49.     Duration of freezing orders -- other property              31
      Division 4 -- Dealing with seized or frozen property
50.     Prohibited dealings                                       33
51.     Effect of dealings in frozen property                     34
52.     Permitted dealings in mortgaged property                  34
            Part 5 -- Investigation and search
               Division 1 -- Preliminary inquiries
53.     Information volunteered by financial institutions         35
54.     Preliminary inquiries from financial institutions         35
55.     Protection for financial institutions                     36
56.     Giving false or misleading information                    37
                   Division 2 -- Examinations
57.     Applications for orders for examination                   37
58.     Orders for examination                                    37
59.     Service of orders for examination                         39
60.     Conduct of examinations                                   39
61.     Complying with examination orders                         39
            Division 3 -- Production of documents
62.     Application for production orders                         41
63.     Production orders                                         41
64.     Inspection of property-tracking documents                 42
65.     Complying with production orders                          42
66.     Variation of production orders                            44
        Division 4 -- Monitoring financial transactions
67.     Applications for monitoring and suspension orders         44


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Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



Contents



   68.      Monitoring orders and suspension orders                 44
   69.      Compliance with monitoring or suspension order          46
                  Division 5 -- Secrecy requirements
   70.      Restricted disclosures                                  46
   71.      Making restricted disclosures                           47
   72.      Disclosure to court                                     49
              Division 6 -- Detention, search and seizure
   73.      Power to detain persons                                 49
   74.      Search warrants                                         50
   75.      Searching detained persons                              51
   76.      Additional powers                                       51
   77.      Later-made documents                                    53
   78.      Warrants under other enactments                         53
               Part 6 -- Objections to confiscation
   79.      Objections to confiscation of frozen property           54
   80.      Parties to objection proceedings                        54
   81.      Release of frozen property                              54
   82.      Release of crime-used property                          55
   83.      Release of crime-derived property                       56
   84.      Setting aside orders: other frozen property             57
   85.      Applications for release of confiscated property        57
   86.      Parties to proceedings                                  57
   87.      Orders to release confiscated property                  58
           Part 7 -- Management of seized, frozen and
                     confiscated property
           Division 1 -- Control and management of property
   88.      Management of seized property                           60
   89.      Management of frozen or confiscated property            60
   90.      DPP's capacity to carry out transactions                61
   91.      Applications by owner for control and management        61
   92.      Duties of responsible person                            61
               Division 2 -- Disposal of deteriorating or
                         undesirable property
   93.      Destruction of property on grounds of public interest   62
   94.      Sale of deteriorating property                          62
   95.      Valuation and inventory of frozen property              63

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                                 Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



                                                                 Contents



        Division 3 -- Management of property by Public
                          Trustee
96.     Public Trustee's power to appoint a manager                63
97.     Public Trustee's liability for charges on frozen
        property                                                   63
98.     Managing interstate property                               64
99.     Fees payable to Public Trustee                             64
100.    Obstructing Public Trustee                                 64
       Part 8 -- Court jurisdiction and evidentiary
                        matters
101.    Courts' jurisdiction                                       65
102.    Proceedings                                                66
103.    Appearance by Attorney General                             66
104.    Stays of proceedings                                       67
105.    Opinion evidence                                           67
106.    Evidence that property is crime-used or crime-derived      68
107.    Evidence of offence proceedings                            68
108.    Transcripts of examinations                                68
109.    Hearsay evidence                                           69
110.    Evidence of compliance with production orders              69
111.    Certificates under Misuse of Drugs Act 1981                69
112.    Enforcing compliance with Act or court order               69
        Part 9 -- Interests in registrable property
113.    Registration of interests in registrable real property     70
114.    Registration of interests in other property                71
115.    Imputation of knowledge that property is frozen            71
116.    Instruments lodged with the Registrar of Titles            72
        Part 10 -- Mutual recognition of freezing
          orders and confiscation of property
        Division 1 -- Registration of WA orders in other
                         jurisdictions
117.    Interstate registration of freezing notices and orders     73




                                                                  page v
Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



Contents



             Division 2 -- Recognition of orders of other
                           jurisdictions
   118.    Registration of interstate orders                      73
   119.    Effect of registration of interstate freezing orders   74
   120.    Effect of registration of interstate confiscation
           declarations                                           74
   121.    Duration of registration of interstate orders          74
   122.    Cancellation of registration of interstate orders      75
             Division 3 -- Charges on interstate property
   123.    Creation of charge                                     75
   124.    Cessation of charge                                    76
   125.    Priority of charge                                     77
   126.    Registration of charge on land                         77
   127.    Registration of charge on property except land         77
                      Part 11 -- Miscellaneous
   128.    Act binds States and Commonwealth                      79
   129.    Property protected from seizure and confiscation       79
   130.    Confiscation Proceeds Account                          80
   131.    Payments into and out of the Confiscation Proceeds
           Account                                                80
   132.    Obstructing police officers                            82
   133.    Later applications, notices, orders or findings        82
   134.    DPP's power to delegate                                82
   135.    Orders relating to sham transactions                   83
   136.    Proceedings against body corporate                     83
   137.    Liability for carrying out functions under this Act    84
   138.    Effect of owner's death                                84
   139.    Regulations                                            85
                     Part 12 -- Interpretation
   140.    Confiscation offences                                  87
   141.    Confiscable property                                   87
   142.    The constituents of a person's wealth                  88
   143.    Unexplained wealth                                     89
   144.    Acquiring criminal benefits                            89
   145.    Crime-used property                                    90
   146.    Criminal use of property                               91
   147.    Crime-derived property                                 91


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                                                              Contents



148.   Lawful acquisition of property                            92
149.   Service cut off date                                      92
150.   Dealing with property                                     93
151.   Value of property sold by State                           93
152.   Innocent parties                                          94
153.   Transfer of property for value                            95
154.   Property-tracking documents                               95
155.   Effective control of property                             96
156.   Conviction of a confiscation offence                      96
157.   Charges for an offence                                    98
158.   Drug traffickers and declared drug traffickers            98
159.   Absconding in connection with an offence                  99
160.   Sham transactions                                         99
                            Glossary




                                                               page vii
                           Western Australia



                     LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY



     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000


                               A Bill for


An Act to provide for the confiscation in certain circumstances of
property acquired as a result of criminal activity and property used
for criminal activity, to provide for the reciprocal enforcement of
certain Australian legislation relating to the confiscation of profits of
crime and the confiscation of other property, and for connected
purposes.



The Parliament of Western Australia enacts as follows:




                                                                   page 1
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 1         Preliminary

     s. 1



                            Part 1 -- Preliminary
     1.       Short title
              This Act may be cited as the Criminal Property Confiscation
              Act 2000.

5    2.       Commencement
              This Act comes into operation on a day fixed by proclamation.

     3.       Meaning of terms used in this Act
              The Glossary at the end of this Act defines or affects the
              meaning of some of the words and expressions used in this Act.

10   4.       Confiscable property -- synopsis
              Property of the following kinds is confiscable to the extent
              provided by this Act --
                (a) property equal in value to any amount by which the total
                     value of a person's wealth exceeds the value of the
15                   person's lawfully acquired wealth ("unexplained
                     wealth" -- see section 143);
                (b) certain property, services, advantages and benefits
                     obtained by a person who has been involved in the
                     commission of a confiscation offence ("criminal
20                   benefits" -- see section 144);
                (c) property used in or in connection with the commission
                     of a confiscation offence, or property of equal value
                     ("crime-used property" -- see section 145);
                (d) property derived directly or indirectly from the
25                   commission of a confiscation offence ("crime-derived
                     property" -- see section 147);



     page 2
                                        Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                                     Preliminary          Part 1

                                                                             s. 5



                 (e)   property owned, effectively controlled or given away by
                       a person who is declared to be a drug trafficker under
                       section 32A(1) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1981, or who
                       absconds before a declaration can be made ("declared
5                      drug trafficker" -- see section 158).

     5.         Application of Act to confiscable property
          (1)   This Act applies to a person's unexplained wealth whether any
                property, service, advantage or benefit that is a constituent of
                the person's wealth was acquired before or after the
10              commencement of this Act.
          (2)   This Act applies to criminal benefits, crime-used property and
                crime-derived property --
                  (a) whether the relevant confiscation offence was
                       committed in Western Australia or elsewhere;
15                (b) whether the relevant confiscation offence was
                       committed before or after the commencement of this
                       Act;
                  (c) whether or not anyone has been charged with, or
                       convicted of, the relevant confiscation offence; and
20                (d) if someone has been convicted of the relevant
                       confiscation offence -- whether the conviction took
                       place before or after the commencement of this Act.
          (3)   This Act applies --
                 (a) to property in Western Australia; and
25               (b) to the fullest extent of the capacity of the Parliament to
                       make laws with respect to property outside the State, to
                       property outside Western Australia.




                                                                           page 3
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 2         Confiscation of property

     s. 6



                     Part 2 -- Confiscation of property
     6.         Unexplained wealth, criminal benefits, substituted property
                Property is confiscated when it is given or taken in satisfaction
                of a person's liability under section 14, 20 or 24 to pay the
5               amount specified in an unexplained wealth declaration, a
                criminal benefits declaration or a crime-used property
                substitution declaration.

     7.         Automatic confiscation of certain property
          (1)   Frozen property is confiscated if an objection to the confiscation
10              of the property is not filed on or before the 28th day after the
                service cut off date for the property.
          (2)   If an objection to the confiscation of frozen property is filed on
                or before the 28th day after the service cut off date for the
                property, the property is confiscated if --
15                (a) the objection, or each objection if there are more than
                        one, is finally determined;
                  (b) where the property is subject to a freezing notice -- the
                        freezing notice is not withdrawn; and
                  (c) where the property is subject to a freezing order -- the
20                      freezing order is not set aside.
          (3)   However, property frozen under a freezing notice is not
                confiscated under subsection (1) or (2) until the freezing notice
                is filed in accordance with section 36(6)(a).

     8.         Drug trafficker's property
25        (1)   When a person is declared to be a drug trafficker under
                section 32A(1) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1981 as a result of
                being convicted of a confiscation offence that was committed


     page 4
                                  Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                   Confiscation of property         Part 2

                                                                      s. 8



           after the commencement of this Act, the following property is
           confiscated --
             (a) all the property that the person owns or effectively
                   controls at the time the declaration is made;
5            (b) all property that the person gave away at any time before
                   the declaration was made, whether the gift was made
                   before or after the commencement of this Act.
     (2)   When a person is taken to be a declared drug trafficker under
           section 158(2), the following property is confiscated --
10           (a) all the property that the person owned or effectively
                   controlled at the time that the person absconded;
             (b) all property that the person gave away at any time before
                   the person absconded, whether the gift was made before
                   or after the commencement of this Act.
15   (3)   Nothing in subsection (1) or (2) prevents the confiscation of
           crime-derived property or crime-used property owned,
           effectively controlled or given away by a person, whether the
           relevant confiscation offence was committed, or is likely to
           have been committed, before or after the commencement of this
20         Act.
     (4)   Nothing in subsection (1) or (2) prevents a criminal benefits
           declaration from being made against a person, whether the
           relevant confiscation offence was committed, or is likely to
           have been committed, before or after the commencement of this
25         Act.
     (5)   Nothing in subsection (1) or (2) prevents an unexplained wealth
           declaration from being made against a declared drug trafficker
           or a person who has been charged with an offence that may lead
           to his or her being declared a drug trafficker.




                                                                    page 5
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 2         Confiscation of property

     s. 9



     9.          Effect of confiscation -- registrable real property
           (1)   Registrable real property that is confiscated under section 6, 7 or
                 8 vests absolutely in the State when --
                   (a) the court declares under section 30 that the property has
5                        been confiscated; and
                   (b) a memorial of the making of the declaration is registered
                         under section 113(1).
           (2)   When registrable real property vests in the State under
                 subsection (1) --
10                 (a) any caveat in force in relation to the property is taken to
                         have been withdrawn; and
                   (b) the title in the property passes to the State.
           (3)   If registrable real property has been confiscated under section 6,
                 7 or 8, but has not vested in the State under subsection (1),
15               sections 50 and 51 and Part 7 apply to the property as if it were
                 subject to a freezing order.

     10.         Effect of confiscation -- other property
           (1)   Property (except registrable real property) that is confiscated
                 under section 6, 7 or 8 vests absolutely in the State when the
20               section takes effect in relation to the property.
           (2)   When property (except registrable real property) that is
                 registrable under an enactment is confiscated, the DPP must
                 notify the registrar of the confiscation.




     page 6
                                          Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                     Identifying and recovering confiscable property        Part 3
                                                Unexplained wealth      Division 1
                                                                              s. 11



            Part 3 -- Identifying and recovering confiscable
                               property
                         Division 1 -- Unexplained wealth
     11.         Applications for unexplained wealth declarations
5          (1)   The DPP may apply to the court for an unexplained wealth
                 declaration against a person.
           (2)   An application may be made in conjunction with an application
                 for a freezing order, in proceedings for the hearing of an
                 objection to confiscation, or at any other time.

10   12.         Unexplained wealth declarations
           (1)   On hearing an application under section 11(1), the court must
                 declare that the respondent has unexplained wealth if it is more
                 likely than not that the total value of the person's wealth is
                 greater than the value of the person's lawfully acquired wealth.
15         (2)   Any property, service, advantage or benefit that is a constituent
                 of the respondent's wealth is presumed not to have been
                 lawfully acquired unless the respondent establishes the contrary.
           (3)   Without limiting the matters to which the court may have
                 regard, for the purpose of deciding whether the respondent has
20               unexplained wealth, the court may have regard to the amount of
                 the respondent's income and expenditure at any time or at all
                 times.
           (4)   When making a declaration, the court is to --
                  (a) assess the value of the respondent's unexplained wealth
25                     in accordance with section 13; and
                  (b) specify the assessed value of the unexplained wealth in
                       the declaration.


                                                                             page 7
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 3         Identifying and recovering confiscable property
     Division 1     Unexplained wealth
     s. 13



           (5)   The court may make any necessary or convenient ancillary
                 orders.

     13.         Assessing the value of unexplained wealth
           (1)   The value of the respondent's unexplained wealth is the amount
5                equal to the difference between --
                   (a) the total value of the respondent's wealth; and
                   (b) the value of the respondent's lawfully acquired wealth.
           (2)   For the purposes of subsection (1), the value of any property,
                 service, advantage or benefit that has been given away, used,
10               consumed or discarded, or that is for any other reason no longer
                 available, is the greater of --
                   (a) its value at the time that it was acquired; and
                   (b) its value immediately before it was given away, or was
                         used, consumed or discarded, or stopped being
15                       available.
           (3)   The value of any other property, service, advantage or benefit is
                 the greater of --
                   (a) its value at the time that it was acquired; and
                   (b) its value on the day that the application for the
20                       unexplained wealth declaration was made.
           (4)   However, when assessing the value of the respondent's
                 unexplained wealth, the court is not to take account of --
                   (a) any property that has been confiscated under this Act or
                        any other enactment;
25                 (b) any property, service, advantage or benefit that was
                        taken into account for the purpose of making an earlier
                        unexplained wealth declaration against the respondent;
                   (c) any property, service, advantage or benefit in relation to
                        which a criminal benefits declaration has been made; or

     page 8
                                          Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                     Identifying and recovering confiscable property        Part 3
                                                   Criminal benefits    Division 2
                                                                              s. 14



                  (d)    any property, service, advantage or benefit that has been
                         taken into account for the purpose of making a crime-
                         used property substitution declaration against the
                         respondent.

5    14.         Unexplained wealth payable to State
                 When the court makes an unexplained wealth declaration, the
                 respondent is liable to pay to the State an amount equal to the
                 amount specified in the declaration as the assessed value of the
                 respondent's unexplained wealth.

10                         Division 2 -- Criminal benefits
     15.         Applications for criminal benefits declarations
           (1)   The DPP may apply to the court for a criminal benefits
                 declaration.
           (2)   An application may be made in conjunction with an application
15               for a freezing order, in proceedings for the hearing of an
                 objection to confiscation, or at any other time.

     16.         Criminal benefits declarations -- crime-derived property
           (1)   On hearing an application under section 15(1), the court must
                 declare that the respondent has acquired a criminal benefit if it
20               is more likely than not that --
                   (a) the property, service, advantage or benefit described in
                         the application is a constituent of the respondent's wealth;
                   (b) the respondent is or was involved in the commission of a
                         confiscation offence; and
25                 (c) the property, service, advantage or benefit was directly
                         or indirectly acquired as a result of the respondent's
                         involvement in the commission of the confiscation
                         offence, whether or not it was lawfully acquired.

                                                                              page 9
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 3         Identifying and recovering confiscable property
     Division 2     Criminal benefits
     s. 17



           (2)   For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), if the respondent has been
                 convicted of the confiscation offence, the respondent is
                 conclusively presumed to have been involved in the commission
                 of the offence.
5          (3)   The property, service, advantage or benefit is presumed to have
                 been directly or indirectly acquired as a result of the
                 respondent's involvement in a confiscation offence unless the
                 respondent establishes otherwise.

     17.         Criminal benefits declarations -- unlawfully acquired
10               property
           (1)   On hearing an application under section 15(1), the court must
                 declare that the respondent has acquired a criminal benefit if it
                 is more likely than not that --
                   (a) the property, service, advantage or benefit described in
15                       the application is a constituent of the respondent's
                         wealth; and
                   (b) the property, service, advantage or benefit was not
                         lawfully acquired.
           (2)   If the respondent has been convicted of a confiscation offence, or
20               it is more likely than not that the respondent is or has been
                 involved in the commission of a confiscation offence, then it is
                 presumed that the property, service, advantage or benefit was not
                 lawfully acquired unless the respondent establishes the contrary.

     18.         Limitations and ancillary orders
25         (1)   The court is not to make a criminal benefits declaration in
                 relation to any property, service, advantage or benefit if --
                   (a) a criminal benefits declaration has already been made in
                         relation to the property, service, advantage or benefit;



     page 10
                                          Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                     Identifying and recovering confiscable property        Part 3
                                                   Criminal benefits    Division 2
                                                                              s. 19



                  (b)   the property, service, advantage or benefit has been
                        confiscated under this Act or any other enactment; or
                  (c)   the property, service, advantage or benefit, or its value,
                        has been taken into account for the purpose of making
5                       an unexplained wealth order or a crime-used property
                        substitution declaration against the respondent.
           (2)   When making a criminal benefits declaration, the court is to --
                  (a) assess the value of the criminal benefit acquired by the
                       respondent in accordance with section 19; and
10                (b) specify the assessed value of the criminal benefit in the
                       declaration.
           (3)   When making a criminal benefits declaration, the court may
                 make any necessary or convenient ancillary orders.

     19.         Assessing the value of criminal benefits
15         (1)   The value of any property, service, advantage or benefit that has
                 been given away, used, consumed or discarded, or that is for
                 any other reason no longer available, is the greater of --
                   (a) its value at the time that it was acquired; and
                   (b) its value at the time that it was given away, or was used,
20                      consumed or discarded, or stopped being available.
           (2)   The value of any other property, service, advantage or benefit is
                 the greater of --
                   (a) its value at the time that it was acquired; and
                   (b) its value on the day that the application for the criminal
25                       benefits declaration was made.

     20.         Criminal benefits payable to State
                 When the court makes a criminal benefits declaration, the
                 respondent is liable to pay to the State an amount equal to the

                                                                            page 11
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 3         Identifying and recovering confiscable property
     Division 3     Crime-used property substitution
     s. 21



                 amount specified in the declaration as the assessed value of the
                 criminal benefit acquired by the respondent.

                 Division 3 -- Crime-used property substitution
     21.         Applications for crime-used property substitution
5                declaration
           (1)   The DPP may apply to the court for a crime-used property
                 substitution declaration against a person.
           (2)   An application may be made in conjunction with an application
                 for a freezing order, in proceedings for the hearing of an
10               objection to the confiscation of property, or at any other time.

     22.         Crime-used property substitution declarations
           (1)   On hearing an application under section 21, the court must
                 declare that property owned by the respondent is available for
                 confiscation instead of crime-used property if --
15                (a)   the crime-used property is not available for confiscation
                        as mentioned in subsection (2); and
                  (b)   it is more likely than not that the respondent made
                        criminal use of the crime-used property.
           (2)   For the purposes of subsection (1)(a), the crime-used property is
20               not available for confiscation if --
                   (a) the respondent does not own, and does not have
                         effective control of, the property;
                  (b) where the property was or is owned or effectively
                         controlled by the respondent, and was or is frozen -- the
25                       freezing notice or freezing order has been or is to be set
                         aside under section 82(3) in favour of the spouse or a
                         dependant of the respondent; or



     page 12
                                          Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                     Identifying and recovering confiscable property        Part 3
                                   Crime-used property substitution     Division 3
                                                                              s. 23



                   (c)   in any other case -- the property has been sold or
                         otherwise disposed of, or cannot be found for any other
                         reason.
           (3)   If the respondent has been convicted of the relevant confiscation
5                offence, it is presumed that the respondent made criminal use of
                 the property unless the respondent establishes the contrary.
           (4)   If the respondent has not been convicted of the relevant
                 confiscation offence, but the applicant establishes that it is more
                 likely than not that the crime-used property was in the
10               respondent's possession at the time that the offence was
                 committed or immediately afterwards, then it is presumed that
                 the respondent made criminal use of the property unless the
                 respondent establishes the contrary.
           (5)   In any circumstances except those set out in subsection (3) or
15               (4), the applicant bears the onus of establishing that the
                 respondent made criminal use of the property.
           (6)   When making a declaration, the court is to --
                  (a) assess the value of the crime-used property in
                       accordance with section 23; and
20                (b) specify the assessed value of the crime-used property in
                       the declaration.
           (7)   The court may make any necessary or convenient ancillary
                 orders.

     23.         Assessing the value of crime-used property
25         (1)   The value of crime-used property is the amount equal to the
                 value of the property at the time that the relevant confiscation
                 offence was or is likely to have been committed.
           (2)   The value of the crime-used property is taken to be its full value
                 even if the respondent did not outlay any amount for the

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                 purpose of obtaining or making criminal use of the property, or
                 did not outlay an amount equal to its full value for that purpose.
           (3)   The court may make a crime-used property substitution
                 declaration against 2 or more respondents in respect of the same
5                crime-used property, whether or not the applications for the
                 respective declarations are heard in the same proceedings.

     24.         Substituted property payable to State
           (1)   When a court makes a crime-used property substitution
                 declaration, the respondent is liable to pay to the State an
10               amount equal to the amount specified in the declaration as the
                 assessed value of the crime-used property.
           (2)   If a crime-used property substitution declaration is made against
                 2 or more respondents in respect of the same crime-used
                 property, the respondents are jointly and severally liable to pay
15               to the State an amount equal to the amount specified in the
                 declaration as the assessed value of the property.

                 Division 4 -- Recovery of confiscable property
     25.         Recovery of unexplained wealth, criminal benefits or
                 substituted property
20         (1)   The amount payable by a respondent under section 14, 20 or 24
                 is payable --
                    (a) within one month after the date on which the respective
                         unexplained wealth declaration, criminal benefits
                         declaration or crime-used property substitution
25                       declaration was made; or
                   (b) within any further time allowed by the court.
           (2)   The court may allow further time even if the due date has
                 passed.


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           (3)   If part or all of the amount is not paid within the time allowed,
                 the unpaid amount is recoverable from the respondent by the
                 State in a court of competent jurisdiction as a debt due to the
                 State.

5    26.         Use of frozen property to meet liability
           (1)   Frozen property owned by a respondent may be taken, with the
                 respondent's consent, in payment or part-payment of an amount
                 payable by the respondent under section 14, 20 or 24.
           (2)   However, if part or all of the amount payable by the respondent
10               is not paid within the time allowed under section 25(1), then
                 despite any other provision of this Act, any frozen property that
                 is owned by the respondent is available for the purpose of
                 satisfying the respondent's liability as if the property had been
                 taken from the respondent's possession under a writ, warrant or
15               other process of execution.
           (3)   Nothing in subsection (1) or (2) limits any other means of
                 satisfying a debt due to the State under subsection 25(3).

     27.         Use of effectively controlled property or gifts to meet
                 liability
20         (1)   The DPP may apply to the court for a confiscable property
                 declaration.
           (2)   An application may be made in the course of proceedings for an
                 unexplained wealth declaration, a criminal benefits declaration
                 or a crime-used property substitution declaration, or at any other
25               time.

     28.         Confiscable property declarations
           (1)   On hearing an application under section 27 the court may
                 declare that property that is not owned by the respondent is


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                 available to satisfy the respondent's liability under section 14,
                 20 or 24 if it is more likely than not that --
                   (a) if the property is frozen -- the respondent effectively
                         controlled the property at the time that the freezing
5                        notice was issued or the freezing order was made for the
                         property;
                   (b) if the property is not frozen -- the respondent
                         effectively controlled the property at the time that the
                         application for the unexplained wealth declaration,
10                       criminal benefits declaration or crime-used property
                         substitution declaration was made; or
                   (c) the respondent gave the property away at any earlier
                         time.
           (2)   It is presumed that the respondent effectively controlled the
15               property at the material time, or gave the property away, unless
                 the respondent establishes the contrary.
           (3)   The court may make any necessary or convenient ancillary
                 orders.

     29.         Restrictions on confiscation of declared confiscable property
20         (1)   Property that is effectively controlled, or was given away, by a
                 respondent is not available to satisfy the respondent's liability
                 under section 14, 20 or 24 unless the property is specified in a
                 confiscable property declaration against the respondent.
           (2)   The property specified in a confiscable property declaration is
25               only available to satisfy the respondent's liability --
                   (a) in accordance with the declaration; and
                  (b) to the extent that property owned by the respondent is
                        not available or is insufficient to satisfy the liability.



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     30.         Declarations of confiscation
           (1)   The DPP may apply to the court for a declaration that property
                 has been confiscated.
           (2)   On considering an application, if the court finds that the
5                property described in the application has been confiscated under
                 section 6, 7 or 8, the court must make a declaration to that
                 effect.

     31.         Notice of confiscation of registrable property
           (1)   When the court declares under section 30 that registrable real
10               property has been confiscated, the DPP must lodge a memorial
                 of the confiscation with the Registrar of Titles.
           (2)   When the court declares under section 30 that property that is
                 registrable under any enactment except the Transfer of Land
                 Act 1893 has been confiscated, the DPP must lodge with the
15               registrar --
                   (a) a copy of the declaration; and
                   (b) a notice giving particulars of the confiscation.

     32.         Variation of declarations
                 If the court has made a declaration under this Part, the DPP may
20               at any time apply to the court for a variation of the declaration,
                 or for a further declaration, to give effect, or better to give
                 effect, to the previous declaration.




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     s. 33



      Part 4 -- Preventing dealings in confiscable property
     Division 1 -- Seizure of crime-used and crime-derived property
     33.         Seizure of crime-used or crime-derived property
           (1)   A police officer may seize any property if there are reasonable
5                grounds for suspecting that the property --
                   (a) is crime-used property;
                   (b) is crime-derived property; or
                   (c) is owned or effectively controlled by a person who has
                        been charged with an offence, and who could be
10                      declared to be a drug trafficker under section 32A(1) of
                        the Misuse of Drugs Act 1981 if he or she is convicted of
                        the offence.
           (2)   A police officer may --
                  (a) at any time remove the seized property from the place in
15                      which it was found and retain it; or
                  (b) guard the property in the place in which it was found.
           (3)   A police officer may retain or guard the property --
                  (a) if a freezing notice is issued for the property within
                        72 hours after it was seized -- while the freezing notice
20                      is in force; or
                  (b) if not -- for not more than 72 hours after the property
                        was seized.
           (4)   Any income or other property derived from seized property
                 while it is being retained or guarded is taken for all purposes to
25               be part of the seized property.




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                                                                            s. 34



                 Division 2 -- Freezing notices for crime-used and
                             crime-derived property
     34.         Issue of freezing notices
           (1)   The DPP or a police officer may apply to a Justice of the Peace
5                for the issue of a freezing notice.
           (2)   A Justice of the Peace may issue a freezing notice for any
                 property if there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the
                 property is crime-used or crime-derived.
           (3)   A Justice of the Peace may issue a freezing notice for all or any
10               property that is owned or effectively controlled by a person, or
                 that the person has at any time given away if --
                   (a) the person has been charged with an offence, or the
                         applicant for the notice advises the court that the person
                         is likely to be charged with an offence within 21 days
15                       after the day on which the freezing notice is issued; and
                   (b) the person could be declared to be a drug trafficker
                         under section 32A(1) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1981 if
                         he or she is convicted of the offence.
           (4)   Any income or other property derived from the property while
20               the freezing notice is in force is taken to be part of the property.

     35.         Form of freezing notice
           (1)   A freezing notice must --
                  (a) describe the property covered by the notice;
                  (b) include an estimate of the value of the property;
25                (c) if the property has been removed from the place in
                        which it was found -- indicate where, when and from
                        whom it was taken;
                  (d) summarise the effect of the notice;

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                  (e)    advise the recipient to the effect that the property
                         described in the order may be confiscated automatically
                         under this Act unless an objection to the confiscation of
                         the property is filed in the court specified in the notice
5                        within 28 days after the date of service of the notice;
                   (f)   tell the recipient that he or she may be eligible to file an
                         objection to the confiscation of the property;
                  (g)    give details of the recipient's obligations under section
                         37; and
10                (h)    give any directions necessary for the security and
                         management of the property while the notice is in force.
           (2)   For the purposes of subsection(1)(b), a police officer may
                 estimate the value of the property, or may have the property
                 valued by an appropriately qualified valuer.
15         (3)   For the purposes of subsection(1)(h), a police officer or the DPP
                 may arrange for an inventory to be taken of any fittings, fixtures
                 or moveable goods in or on the property.

     36.         Service and filing of freezing notices
           (1)   As soon as practicable after a freezing notice is issued, the
20               applicant for the notice must arrange for a copy of it to be
                 served personally on each of the following persons --
                   (a) if the property covered by the notice was taken from a
                        person -- that person;
                   (b) if, at the time that the freezing notice is issued, the
25                      applicant is aware of any other person who is, or may
                        be, or claims to be, an interested party -- that person.
           (2)   If the property is registrable real property, the applicant must
                 lodge a memorial of the issue of the notice with the Registrar of
                 Titles.


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                                                                            s. 37



           (3)   If the property is registrable under any enactment except the
                 Transfer of Land Act 1893, the applicant must notify the
                 registrar of the issue of the notice.
           (4)   If, as a result of information in a statutory declaration given, in
5                accordance with section 37, by a person who was served with a
                 copy of the freezing notice under subsection (1), the applicant
                 becomes aware that any other person is or may be or claims to
                 be an interested party, then the applicant must arrange for a
                 copy of the notice to be served on the person personally, as soon
10               as practicable.
           (5)   Nothing in subsection (1) or (4) prevents the applicant from
                 serving a copy of the notice at any time on any other person
                 whom the applicant becomes aware is, or may be or claims to be
                 an interested party, but the service cut off date for the property
15               is not affected by any service outside the requirements of
                 subsection (1) or (4).
           (6)   The applicant must ensure that --
                   (a)   the freezing notice is filed in the court specified in the
                         notice;
20                (b)    an affidavit of service is endorsed on a copy of each
                         copy of the freezing notice that is served on a person;
                         and
                   (c)   each endorsed copy is filed in the court.

     37.         Statutory declarations required under freezing notice
25         (1)   A person who is served with a copy of a freezing notice under
                 section 36 must give a statutory declaration to the officer in
                 charge of the police station specified in the notice.
           (2)   The statutory declaration must be given within 7 days after the
                 day on which the copy of the freezing notice was served on the
30               person.

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     s. 38



           (3)   In the statutory declaration, the declarant must --
                   (a) state the name and, if known, the address of any other
                         person whom the declarant is aware is or may be, or
                         claims to be, an interested party; or
5                  (b) if the declarant is not aware of any other person who is
                         or may be, or claims to be, an interested party -- make a
                         statement to that effect.
                 Penalty: $5 000.

     38.         Duration of freezing notice -- registrable real property
10         (1)   A freezing notice for registrable real property takes effect when
                 a memorial of the issue of the freezing notice is registered under
                 section 113(1).
           (2)   A freezing notice for registrable real property stops being in
                 force when a memorial under subsection (3) in relation to the
15               property is registered under section 113(1).
           (3)   If --
                   (a)   registrable real property is confiscated under section 6, 7
                         or 8, but was subject to a freezing notice immediately
                         before confiscation; or
20                (b)    a freezing notice for registrable real property is
                         cancelled under section 40, or set aside under Part 6,
                 then the applicant for the freezing notice must lodge a memorial
                 of the confiscation, cancellation or setting aside with the
                 Registrar of Titles.

25   39.         Duration of freezing notice -- other property
           (1)   A freezing notice for any property except registrable real
                 property comes into force when the notice is issued.



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                                                                            s. 40



           (2)   A freezing notice for any property except registrable real
                 property stops being in force as soon as any of the following
                 happens --
                   (a) the property is confiscated under section 6, 7 or 8;
5                  (b) the freezing notice is cancelled under section 40;
                   (c) the freezing notice is set aside under Part 6.
           (3)   When a freezing notice stops being in force for property (except
                 registrable real property) that is registrable under an enactment, the
                 applicant for the notice must notify the registrar to that effect.

10   40.         Cancellation of freezing notices
           (1)   A police officer or the DPP must cancel a freezing notice for
                 property if the grounds for suspecting that the property is
                 crime-used or crime-derived no longer exist.
           (2)   A police officer or the DPP must ensure that --
15                (a) notice of the cancellation is served personally, as soon
                        as practicable, on each person on whom a copy of the
                        notice was served under section 36;
                  (b) if the notice has been filed in a court -- a notice of the
                        cancellation is filed in the court;
20                (c) any property covered by the notice that is being guarded
                        under section 33(2)(b) is released from guard;
                  (d) any property covered by the notice that is being retained
                        under section 33(3) is returned to the person from whom
                        it was seized unless it is to be otherwise dealt with under
25                      this Act or another enactment; and
                  (e) if the police officer or the DPP is aware that the person
                        to whom the property is to be returned under
                        paragraph (d) is not the owner of the property -- the
                        owner is notified, where practicable, of the cancellation
30                      and return.

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             Division 3 -- Freezing orders for confiscable property
     41.         Applications for freezing orders
           (1)   The DPP may apply to the court for a freezing order for
                 property.
5          (2)   An application may be made ex parte.

     42.         Proceedings for freezing orders
                 In proceedings for a freezing order, the court may do any or all
                 of the following --
                   (a) order that the whole or any part of the proceedings is to
10                       be heard in closed court;
                   (b) order that only persons or classes of persons specified
                         by the court may be present during the whole or any part
                         of the proceedings;
                   (c) make an order prohibiting the publication of a report of
15                       the whole or any part of the proceedings or of any
                         information derived from the proceedings.

     43.         Freezing orders
           (1)   The court may make a freezing order for property if --
                  (a) an examination order, a monitoring order or a
20                      suspension order is in force in relation to the property;
                        or
                  (b) the DPP advises the court that an application for an
                        examination order, a monitoring order or a suspension
                        order is likely to be made in relation to the property
25                      within 21 days after the freezing order is made.
           (2)   The court may make a freezing order under subsection (1)
                 whether or not the person against whom the order is made, or is
                 to be sought, owns or effectively controls the property.

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                      Freezing orders for confiscable property    Division 3
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     (3)   The court may make a freezing order for all or any property that
           is owned or effectively controlled by the person or that the
           person has at any time given away if --
              (a) an application has been made against the person for an
5                 unexplained wealth declaration, criminal benefits
                  declaration, crime-used property substitution declaration
                  or production order; or
             (b) the DPP advises the court that such an application is
                  likely to be made within 21 days after the freezing order
10                is made.
     (4)   The court is not to refuse to make a freezing order for property
           under subsection (3) only because the value of the property
           exceeds, or could exceed, the amount that a person could be
           liable to pay under section 14, 20 or 24 if the declaration is
15         made.
     (5)   The court may make a freezing order for all or any property that
           is owned or effectively controlled by a person, or that the person
           has at any time given away if --
              (a) the person has been charged with an offence, or the DPP
20                 advises the court that a person is likely to be charged
                   with an offence within 21 days after the day on which
                   the freezing order is made; and
             (b) the person could be declared to be a drug trafficker
                   under section 32A(1) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1981 if
25                 he or she is convicted of the offence.
     (6)   A freezing order may be made under subsection (3) or (5) for all
           property owned or effectively controlled by the person, whether or
           not any of the property is described or identified in the application.
     (7)   A freezing order may be made under subsection (3) or (5) for all
30         property acquired after the order is made --
             (a) by the person; or

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                  (b)    by another person at the request or direction of the
                         first-mentioned person.
           (8)   The court may make a freezing order for property if there are
                 reasonable grounds for suspecting that the property is
5                crime-used or crime-derived.

     44.         Grounds specified in freezing orders
                 When considering an application for a freezing order, the court
                 must --
                  (a) consider each matter that is alleged by the applicant,
10                     either in the application or in the course of the
                       proceedings, as a ground for making the order; and
                  (b) set out in the order each ground that the court finds is a
                       ground on which the order may be made.

     45.         Scope of freezing orders
15               In a freezing order, the court may do any or all of the
                 following --
                   (a) direct that any income or other property derived from
                         the property while the order is in force is to be treated as
                         part of the property;
20                 (b) if the property is moveable -- direct that the property is
                         not to be moved except in accordance with the order;
                   (c) appoint the DPP, the Public Trustee or the
                         Commissioner of Police to manage the property while
                         the order is in force;
25                 (d) give any other directions necessary to provide for the
                         security and management of the property while the order
                         is in force;
                   (e) provide for meeting the reasonable living and business
                         expenses of the owner of the property.

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                                                                              s. 46



     46.         Service of freezing orders
           (1)   As soon as practicable after a freezing order is made, the
                 applicant for the order must arrange for a copy of the order and
                 a notice that complies with subsection (6) to be served
5                personally on each of the following persons --
                   (a) if the frozen property was taken from a person, or is in
                         the custody of a person -- that person;
                   (b) if, at the time that the freezing order is made, the
                         applicant is aware of any other person who is, or may
10                       be, or claims to be, an interested party -- that person.
           (2)   If the property is registrable real property, the applicant must
                 lodge a memorial of the issue of the notice with the Registrar of
                 Titles.
           (3)   If the property is registrable under any enactment except the
15               Transfer of Land Act 1893, the applicant must notify the
                 registrar of the issue of the notice.
           (4)   If, as a result of information in a statutory declaration given, in
                 accordance with section 47, by a person who was served with a
                 copy of the freezing order under subsection (1), the applicant
20               becomes aware that any other person is or may be or claims to
                 be an interested party, then the applicant must arrange for a
                 copy of the freezing order and a notice that complies with
                 subsection (6) to be served on the person personally, as soon as
                 practicable.
25         (5)   Nothing in subsection (1) or (4) prevents the applicant from
                 serving a copy of the freezing order and a notice at any time on
                 any other person whom the applicant becomes aware is, or may
                 be or claims to be an interested party, but the service cut off
                 date for the property is not affected by any service outside the
30               requirements of subsection (1) or (4).


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           (6)   The notice must --
                  (a) summarise the effect of the order;
                  (b) advise the recipient to the effect that the property
                        described in the order may be confiscated automatically
5                       under this Act unless an objection to the confiscation of
                        the property is filed in the court specified in the notice
                        within 28 days after the date of service of the notice;
                  (c) tell the recipient that he or she may be eligible to file an
                        objection to the confiscation of the property; and
10                (d) give details of the recipient's obligations under
                        section 47.
           (7)   When service is effected on a person under this section, the
                 server must file an affidavit to that effect stating the name and
                 address of the person served.

15   47.         Statutory declarations about frozen property
           (1)   A person who is served in accordance with section 46 with a
                 copy of a freezing order and a notice must give a statutory
                 declaration to the officer in charge of the police station specified
                 in the notice.
20         (2)   The statutory declaration must be given within 7 days after the
                 day on which the notice was served on the person.
           (3)   In the statutory declaration, the declarant must --
                   (a) state the name and, if known, the address of any other
                         person whom the declarant is aware is or may be, or
25                       claims to be, an interested party; or
                   (b) if the declarant is not aware of any other person who is
                         or may be, or claims to be, an interested party -- make a
                         statement to that effect.
                 Penalty: $5 000.


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     48.         Duration of freezing orders -- registrable real property
           (1)   A freezing order for registrable real property comes into force
                 when a memorial of the making of the order is registered under
                 section 113(1).
5          (2)   A freezing order for registrable real property stops being in
                 force when a memorial under subsection (3), (4), (5) or (6) in
                 relation to the property is registered under section 113(1).
           (3)   If a freezing order for registrable real property was made under
                 section 43(1) on the basis that an application for another order
10               has been or is likely to be made, the applicant for the freezing
                 order must lodge a memorial with the Registrar of Titles if --
                   (a) where the freezing order was made on the basis of
                          advice given to the court under section 43(1)(b) -- an
                          application for the other order is not made within
15                        21 days after the date of the freezing order;
                   (b) the application for the other order is withdrawn;
                   (c) the application for the other order is finally determined
                          but the court does not make the other order;
                   (d) the freezing order is set aside at the request of the applicant
20                        for the freezing order or in proceedings on an objection; or
                   (e) the property is confiscated under section 6, 7 or 8.
           (4)   If a freezing order for registrable real property was made under
                 section 43(3) on the basis that an application for a declaration or
                 another order has been or is likely to be made, the applicant for
25               the freezing order must lodge a memorial with the Registrar of
                 Titles if --
                   (a) where the freezing order was made on the basis of
                          advice given to the court under section 43(3)(b) -- an
                          application for the declaration or other order is not made
30                        within 21 days after the date of the freezing order;


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                (b)    the application for the declaration or other order is
                       withdrawn;
                 (c)   the application for the declaration or other order is
                       finally determined, but the court does not make the
5                      declaration or other order;
                (d)    in the case of a declaration -- the declaration is made,
                       and the respondent's liability to pay an amount under
                       section 14, 20 or 24 is satisfied, whether or not any or all
                       of the frozen property is given or taken in satisfaction of
10                     the liability;
                 (e)   the freezing order is set aside on all grounds at the
                       request of the applicant for the freezing order or in
                       proceedings on an objection; or
                 (f)   the property is confiscated under section 6, 7 or 8.
15      (5)    If a freezing order for registrable real property was made under
               section 43(5) on the basis that a person has been or is likely to
               be charged with an offence, the applicant for the freezing order
               must lodge a memorial with the Registrar of Titles if --
                 (a) where the freezing order was made on the basis of
20                      advice given to the court under section 43(5)(a) -- the
                        person is not charged with the offence within 21 days
                        after the date of the freezing order;
                 (b) the charge against the person is disposed of;
                 (c) the charge is finally determined, but the person is not
25                      declared to be a drug trafficker under section 32A(1) of
                        the Misuse of Drugs Act 1981;
                 (d) the freezing order is set aside on all grounds at the
                        request of the applicant for the freezing order or in
                        proceedings on an objection; or
30               (e) the property is confiscated under section 6, 7 or 8.



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                            Freezing orders for confiscable property    Division 3
                                                                              s. 49



           (6)   If a freezing order was made under section 43(8) for registrable
                 real property on the basis that the property was suspected of
                 being crime-used or crime-derived, the applicant for the
                 freezing order must lodge a memorial with the Registrar of
5                Titles if --
                   (a) the freezing order is set aside at the request of the
                          applicant for the freezing order or in proceedings on an
                          objection; or
                   (b) the property is confiscated under section 6, 7 or 8.

10   49.         Duration of freezing orders -- other property
           (1)   A freezing order for property (except registrable real property)
                 comes into force when the freezing order is made.
           (2)   If a freezing order for property (except registrable real property)
                 was made under section 43(1) on the basis that an application
15               for another order has been or is likely to be made, the freezing
                 order stops being in force as soon as one of the following
                 happens --
                   (a) if the freezing order was made on the basis of advice
                          given to the court under section 43(1)(b) -- an
20                        application for the other order is not made within
                          21 days after the date of the order;
                   (b) the application for the other order is withdrawn;
                   (c) the application for the other order is finally determined
                          but the court does not make the other order;
25                 (d) the freezing order is set aside at the request of the
                          applicant for the freezing order or in proceedings on an
                          objection;
                   (e) the property is confiscated under section 6, 7 or 8.
           (3)   A freezing order for property made under section 43(3) on the
30               basis that an application for a declaration or another order has

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     Part 4         Preventing dealings in confiscable property
     Division 3     Freezing orders for confiscable property
     s. 49



               been or is likely to be made stops being in force as soon as one
               of the following happens --
                 (a) if the freezing order was made on the basis of advice
                       given to the court under section 43(3)(b) -- an
5                      application for the declaration or other order is not made
                       within 21 days after the date of the freezing order;
                 (b) the application for the declaration or other order is
                       withdrawn;
                 (c) the application for the declaration or other order is
10                     finally determined, but the court does not make the
                       declaration or other order;
                 (d) in the case of a declaration -- the declaration is made,
                       and the respondent's liability to pay an amount under
                       section 14, 20 or 24 is satisfied, whether or not any or all
15                     of the frozen property is given or taken in satisfaction of
                       the liability;
                 (e) the freezing order is set aside on all grounds at the
                       request of the applicant for the freezing order or in
                       proceedings on an objection;
20                (f) the property is confiscated under section 6, 7 or 8.
        (4)    A freezing order for property (except registrable real property)
               made under section 43(5) on the basis that a person has been or
               is likely to be charged with an offence stops being in force as
               soon as one of the following happens --
25               (a) if the freezing order was made on the basis of advice
                        given to the court under section 43(5)(a) -- the person is
                        not charged with the offence within 21 days after the
                        date of the order;
                 (b) the charge against the person is disposed of;
30               (c) the charge is finally determined, but the person is not
                        declared to be a drug trafficker under section 32A(1) of
                        the Misuse of Drugs Act 1981;

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                          Preventing dealings in confiscable property        Part 4
                              Dealing with seized or frozen property     Division 4
                                                                               s. 50



                    (d)   the freezing order is set aside on all grounds at the
                          request of the applicant for the freezing order or in
                          proceedings on an objection;
                    (e)   the property is confiscated under section 6, 7 or 8.
5          (5)    A freezing order made under section 43(8) for property (except
                  registrable real property) on the basis that it was suspected of
                  being crime-used or crime-derived stops being in force as soon
                  as one of the following happens --
                    (a) the freezing order is set aside on all grounds at the
10                        request of the applicant for the freezing order or in
                          proceedings on an objection;
                    (b) the property is confiscated under section 6, 7 or 8.

                 Division 4 -- Dealing with seized or frozen property
     50.          Prohibited dealings
15         (1)    A person must not deal with seized or frozen property in any
                  way.
                  Penalty: $100 000 or the value of the property, whichever is
                       greater, or imprisonment for 5 years, or both.
           (2)    Subsection (1) does not apply to --
20                 (a) a person acting in accordance with an order under
                         section 45(c), 91(2) or 93;
                   (b) in the case of seized property -- a police officer acting
                         under section 33, or a person acting under the direction
                         of a police officer who is acting in accordance with this
25                       Act; or
                   (c) in the case of frozen property -- a person acting in
                         accordance with the freezing notice or freezing order.
           (3)    It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence under
                  subsection (1) in relation to seized property if the defendant

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     Part 4         Preventing dealings in confiscable property
     Division 4     Dealing with seized or frozen property
     s. 51



                 establishes that he or she did not know, and can not reasonably
                 be expected to have known, that the property was being retained
                 or guarded under subsection 33(2) at the relevant time.
           (4)   It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence under
5                subsection (1) in relation to frozen property if the respondent
                 establishes that he or she did not know, and can not reasonably
                 be expected to have known, that the freezing notice or freezing
                 order was in force at the material time.
           (5)   Subsection (1) does not prevent a person from being dealt with
10               for a contempt of the court for a contravention of a freezing
                 order, but the person is not punishable for both a contempt and
                 an offence under subsection (1) arising from the same
                 contravention.

     51.         Effect of dealings in frozen property
15               Despite any other enactment, any dealing with property that
                 contravenes section 50 has no effect, whether at law, in equity
                 or otherwise, on the rights of the State under this Act.

     52.         Permitted dealings in mortgaged property
                 If mortgaged property is frozen, nothing in this Act --
20                (a)   prevents the mortgagor from making payments to the
                        mortgagee in accordance with the mortgage if the
                        payments are made with money that has not been seized
                        or frozen; or
                  (b)   prevent the mortgagee from accepting payments from
25                      the mortgagor in accordance with the mortgage.




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                                          Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                           Investigation and search         Part 5
                                               Preliminary inquiries    Division 1
                                                                              s. 53



                      Part 5 -- Investigation and search
                        Division 1 -- Preliminary inquiries
     53.         Information volunteered by financial institutions
                 A financial institution that has information about a transaction
5                with the institution may give the information to the DPP or a
                 police officer if there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that
                 the information --
                   (a) may be relevant to the investigation of a confiscation
                         offence;
10                 (b) may assist a court in deciding whether or not to make an
                         unexplained wealth declaration, a criminal benefits
                         declaration or a crime-used property substitution
                         declaration; or
                   (c) may otherwise facilitate the operation of this Act or the
15                       regulations.

     54.         Preliminary inquiries from financial institutions
           (1)   For the purposes of any proceedings under this Act, or for the
                 purposes of deciding whether to apply for a freezing notice, or
                 for any order, declaration or warrant under this Act, the DPP or
20               a police officer may require a financial institution to do any or
                 all of the following --
                   (a) give information about whether a person described in
                          the requirement holds an account with the institution;
                   (b) give information about whether or not an account
25                        described in the requirement is held with the institution;
                   (c) identify an account held with the institution;
                   (d) identify the holder of an account held with the
                          institution;


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     Part 5         Investigation and search
     Division 1     Preliminary inquiries
     s. 55



                  (e)    give information about the existence of any other kind
                         of transaction between the institution and a person
                         described in the requirement;
                   (f)   if a transaction referred to in paragraph (e) has taken
5                        place, is taking place or is to take place -- give
                         prescribed particulars of the transaction.
           (2)   A requirement must --
                  (a) be in writing served on the institution; and
                  (b) specify the information required.
10         (3)   Service of the requirement on the institution may be effected by
                 properly addressed email or fax, or by any other means provided
                 by section 76 of the Interpretation Act 1984.
           (4)   The financial institution must comply with the requirement.
                 Penalty: $500 000.

15   55.         Protection for financial institutions
           (1)   An action, suit or proceeding in relation to the giving of
                 information under section 53 does not lie against --
                   (a) the financial institution that gives the information; or
                   (b) an officer of the institution acting within his or her
20                      authority.
           (2)   An action, suit or proceeding in relation to a financial
                 institution's response to a requirement under section 54 does not
                 lie against --
                    (a) the financial institution; or
25                 (b) an officer of the financial institution who is acting
                          within his or her authority.




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                                         Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                          Investigation and search         Part 5
                                                      Examinations     Division 2
                                                                             s. 56



     56.         Giving false or misleading information
                 A financial institution commits an offence if the institution
                 knowingly --
                   (a) provides false or misleading information under
5                       section 53; or
                   (b) provides false or misleading information in purported
                        compliance with a requirement under section 54.
                 Penalty: $500 000.

                            Division 2 -- Examinations
10   57.         Applications for orders for examination
           (1)   The DPP may apply to the District Court for an order for the
                 examination of a person.
           (2)   An application may be made ex parte.

     58.         Orders for examination
15         (1)   The court may order a person to submit to an examination about
                 any or all of the following --
                   (a) the nature, location and source of frozen property;
                   (b) the nature, location and source of property that is not
                         frozen, but is suspected on reasonable grounds of being
20                       confiscable;
                   (c) the wealth, liabilities, income and expenditure of a
                         person who has been convicted of a confiscation
                         offence;
                   (d) the wealth, liabilities, income and expenditure of a
25                       person who is suspected on reasonable grounds of being
                         involved or of having been involved in the commission
                         of a confiscation offence;


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     Part 5         Investigation and search
     Division 2     Examinations
     s. 58



                (e)    the wealth, liabilities, income and expenditure of a
                       person who has, or is suspected on reasonable grounds
                       of having, unexplained wealth;
                 (f)   the wealth, liabilities, income and expenditure of a
5                      declared drug trafficker;
                (g)    the nature, location and source of any property-tracking
                       documents.
        (2)    The examination order may do any or all of the following --
                (a) require the person to give to the court any documents
10                    (including property-tracking documents) or information
                      in the person's possession or control about the property
                      described in the order;
                (b) require the person to give to the court any documents
                      (including property-tracking documents) or information
15                    in the person's possession or control about the person's
                      wealth, liabilities, expenditure or income;
                (c) require the person to give to the court any documents
                      (including property-tracking documents) or information
                      in the person's possession or control about another
20                    person's wealth, liabilities, expenditure or income;
                (d) require the person to give to the court any information in
                      the person's possession or control that could help to
                      locate, identify or quantify any property, property-
                      tracking documents, other documents or information
25                    referred to in subsection (1);
                (e) require the person to give any required information by
                      affidavit, or require the person to attend the court for
                      examination, or both;
                 (f) give any directions, or make any ancillary orders, that
30                    are necessary or convenient for giving effect to the
                      examination order or for ensuring that the person
                      complies with the order.

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                                          Investigation and search         Part 5
                                                      Examinations     Division 2
                                                                             s. 59



     59.         Service of orders for examination
           (1)   The applicant for an examination order must arrange for a copy
                 of the order to be served personally on the person to be
                 examined.
5          (2)   A copy of the order is not to be served on anyone except the
                 person to be examined.

     60.         Conduct of examinations
           (1)   An examination is to be held in camera.
           (2)   The person to be examined may be represented by his or her
10               legal representative.

     61.         Complying with examination orders
           (1)   If an owner of frozen property, who is to be examined in
                 connection with the property under an examination order,
                 contravenes the order or the examiner's requirements under the
15               order --
                   (a) the owner is not entitled to file an objection to the
                         confiscation of the property;
                   (b) if the owner has already filed an objection -- the
                         objection is of no effect; and
20                 (c) the owner commits an offence.
           (2)   A person who commits an offence under subsection (1)(c) is
                 liable --
                    (a) to a maximum fine of an amount equal to the value of
                         the frozen property or of $100 000, whichever is greater;
25                 (b) to imprisonment for a maximum of 5 years; or
                    (c) to both a fine under paragraph (a) and imprisonment
                         under paragraph (b).


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     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
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     Division 2     Examinations
     s. 61



        (3)    If a person examined under an examination order in connection
               with another person's wealth, liabilities, income or expenditure
               contravenes the order, or the examiner's requirements under the
               order, the person commits an offence and is liable --
5                (a) to a maximum fine of an amount equal to the value of
                        the frozen property or of $50 000, whichever is greater;
                 (b) to imprisonment for a maximum of 2 years; or
                 (c) to both a fine under paragraph (a) and imprisonment
                        under paragraph (b).
10      (4)    Without limiting subsection (1), (2) or (3), a person who is
               examined under an examination order contravenes the order for
               the purposes of the respective subsection if --
                 (a) the person fails to disclose material information, or
                       gives false information or a false document, in purported
15                     compliance with the order; and
                 (b) the person was aware, or could reasonably have been
                       expected to have been aware, that the information was
                       material, or that the information or document was false.
        (5)    A person is not entitled to contravene an examination order or
20             the examiner's requirements under the order on the grounds that
               complying with the order --
                 (a) might incriminate the person or might render him or her
                      liable to a penalty; or
                 (b) could result in the confiscation of property.
25      (6)    A person is not excused from complying with an examination
               order on the grounds that complying with the order would be in
               breach of an obligation of the person not to disclose
               information, or not to disclose the existence or contents of a
               document, whether the obligation arose under an enactment or
30             otherwise.


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                                          Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                           Investigation and search         Part 5
                                          Production of documents       Division 3
                                                                              s. 62



           (7)   A statement or disclosure made by a person in the course of
                 complying with an examination order is admissible as evidence
                 against the person --
                   (a) in a proceeding against the person for an offence under
5                        this section;
                   (b) in any civil proceeding; and
                   (c) in any proceeding under this Act that could lead to the
                         confiscation of property owned, effectively controlled or
                         given away by the person, but only for the purpose of
10                       facilitating the identification of such property.

                        Division 3 -- Production of documents
     62.         Application for production orders
           (1)   The DPP may apply to the District Court for a production order
                 for a property-tracking document.
15         (2)   An application may be made ex parte.

     63.         Production orders
           (1)   On hearing an application under section 62, the court must
                 order a person identified in the application to produce the
                 property-tracking document described in the application if there
20               are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the person has the
                 document in his or her possession or control.
           (2)   The order may direct the person --
                  (a) to give the property-tracking document to the DPP or a
                        police officer; or
25                (b)    to make it available to the DPP or a police officer for
                         inspection.
           (3)   The order must specify the time and place for the document to
                 be given or made available.

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     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 5         Investigation and search
     Division 3     Production of documents
     s. 64



     64.         Inspection of property-tracking documents
           (1)   When a property-tracking document is given to the DPP
                 or a police officer in accordance with a direction under
                 section 63(2)(a), the DPP or police officer may do any
5                or all of the following --
                   (a) inspect the document;
                   (b) take extracts from the document;
                   (c) make copies of the document;
                   (d) retain the document for as long as its retention is
10                        reasonably required for the purposes of this Act.
           (2)   If the DPP or police officer retains the property-tracking
                 document, the DPP or police officer must, on the request of the
                 person required by the order to produce the document --
                   (a) permit the person to inspect the document, take extracts
15                       from it or make copies of it; or
                  (b)   give the person a copy of the document certified by the
                        DPP or police officer in writing to be a true copy of the
                        document.
           (3)   When a property-tracking document is made available to the
20               DPP or a police officer for inspection in accordance with a
                 direction under section 63(2)(b), the DPP or police officer may
                 do any one or more of the following --
                   (a) inspect the document;
                   (b) take extracts from the document;
25                 (c) make copies of the document.

     65.         Complying with production orders
           (1)   A person who contravenes a production order without
                 reasonable excuse commits an offence.


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                                   Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                    Investigation and search         Part 5
                                   Production of documents       Division 3
                                                                       s. 65



     (2)   A person commits an offence if the person, in purported
           compliance with a production order, produces or makes
           available to the DPP or a police officer a document that the
           person knows, or could reasonably be expected to know, is false
5          or misleading in a material particular.
     (3)   However, the person does not commit an offence under
           subsection (2) if, as soon as practicable after becoming aware
           that the document is false or misleading, the person --
             (a) tells the DPP or a police officer that the document is
10                 false or misleading;
             (b) indicates the respects in which it is false or misleading;
                   and
             (c) gives the DPP or a police officer any correct information
                   which is in the person's possession or control.
15   (4)   A person convicted of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) is
           liable to a fine not exceeding $100 000 or imprisonment for a
           period not exceeding 5 years, or both.
     (5)   A person is not excused from complying with a production order
           on the grounds that complying with the order would tend to
20         incriminate the person or render him or her liable to a penalty.
     (6)   A person is not excused from complying with a production
           order on the grounds that complying with the order would be in
           breach of an obligation of the person not to disclose the
           existence or contents of the document, whether the obligation
25         arose under an enactment or otherwise.
     (7)   Any information contained in a property-tracking document
           produced under a production order, or any statement or disclosure
           made by a person in the course of complying with a production
           order, is admissible in evidence against the person --
30           (a) in a proceeding against the person for an offence under
                    this section;

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     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 5         Investigation and search
     Division 4     Monitoring financial transactions
     s. 66



                  (b)   in any civil proceeding; and
                  (c)   in any proceeding under this Act that could lead to the
                        confiscation of property owned, effectively controlled or
                        given away by the person, but only for the purpose of
5                       facilitating the identification of such property.

     66.         Variation of production orders
           (1)   If a production order requires a person to give a
                 property-tracking document to the DPP or a police officer, the
                 person may apply to the court that made the order to vary it so
10               that it requires the person to make the document available to the
                 DPP or a police officer for inspection.
           (2)   The court may vary the order accordingly if it finds that the
                 document is essential to the business activities of the person.

                 Division 4 -- Monitoring financial transactions
15   67.         Applications for monitoring and suspension orders
           (1)   The DPP may apply to the District Court for a monitoring order.
           (2)   The DPP may apply to the District Court for a suspension order.
           (3)   An application may be made ex parte.

     68.         Monitoring orders and suspension orders
20         (1)   The court may order a financial institution to give information
                 to the DPP or a police officer about all transactions carried out
                 through an account held with the institution by a person named
                 in the order.
           (2)   The court may order a financial institution --
25                (a) to notify the DPP or a police officer immediately of any
                        transaction that has been initiated in connection with an


     page 44
                                   Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                     Investigation and search        Part 5
                             Monitoring financial transactions   Division 4
                                                                       s. 68



                  account held with the institution by a person named in
                  the order;
            (b)   to notify the DPP or a police officer immediately if there
                  are reasonable grounds for suspecting that a transaction
5                 is about to be initiated in connection with the account;
                  and
            (c)   to refrain from completing or effecting the transaction
                  for 48 hours.
     (3)   The court may make a monitoring order or suspension order if
10         there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the named
           person --
             (a) has been, or is about to be, involved in the commission
                   of a confiscation offence;
             (b) has acquired, or is about to acquire, directly or
15                 indirectly, any crime-derived property; or
             (c) has benefited, or is about to benefit, directly or
                   indirectly, from the commission of a confiscation
                   offence.
     (4)   A monitoring order or suspension order applies to all
20         transactions carried out or to be carried out through the bank
           account during the monitoring period or suspension period
           specified in the order.
     (5)   The monitoring order or suspension order must specify --
            (a) the financial institution to which the order applies;
25          (b) the name or names in which the account is believed to
                 be held;
            (c) the class of information that the institution is required to
                 give;
            (d) the manner in which the information is to be given; and



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     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
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     Division 5     Secrecy requirements
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                  (e)   the monitoring period, or suspension period, in
                        accordance with subsection (6).
           (6)   The monitoring period or suspension period --
                  (a) is not to commence earlier than the day on which notice
5                      of the order is served on the financial institution; and
                  (b) is not to end more than 3 months after the date of the
                       order.

     69.         Compliance with monitoring or suspension order
                 A person commits an offence if the person knowingly --
10                 (a) contravenes a monitoring order or suspension order; or
                  (b) provides false or misleading information in purported
                        compliance with the order.
                 Penalty: $100 000.

                        Division 5 -- Secrecy requirements
15   70.         Restricted disclosures
           (1)   A person must not make a disclosure to anyone, except as
                 permitted under section 71, about --
                   (a) the fact that a financial institution, or an officer of a
                        financial institution, intends to give or has given
20                      information to the DPP under section 53;
                   (b) the nature of any information given under section 53;
                   (c) the fact that a requirement or a response to it has been or
                        is to be made under section 54;
                  (d) the content of a requirement or response made under
25                      section 54;
                   (e) the fact that the person or anyone else is or has been
                        subject to a production order, an examination order, a
                        monitoring order or a suspension order; or

     page 46
                                         Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                          Investigation and search         Part 5
                                             Secrecy requirements      Division 5
                                                                             s. 71



                   (f)  the contents of any examination order, production order,
                        monitoring order or suspension order.
                 Penalty: $100 000, or imprisonment for 5 years, or both.
           (2)   Without limiting subsection (1), a person makes a disclosure for
5                the purposes of the subsection if the person --
                   (a) discloses information to a person from which the person
                         could reasonably be expected to infer that a requirement
                         or response under section 54 has been or is to be made;
                   (b) discloses information to a person from which the person
10                       could reasonably be expected to infer anything about the
                         nature or contents of a requirement or response under
                         section 54;
                   (c) makes or keeps a record of any information about a
                         requirement or response under section 54;
15                 (d) discloses anything about the existence or operation of an
                         examination order, a production order, a monitoring
                         order or a suspension order;
                   (e) discloses information to a person from which the person
                         could reasonably be expected to infer anything about the
20                       existence or operation of an examination order, a
                         production order, a monitoring order or a suspension
                         order; or
                    (f) makes or keeps a record of any information about the
                         existence or operation of an examination order, a
25                       production order, a monitoring order or a suspension
                         order.

     71.         Making restricted disclosures
           (1)   A corporation, or an officer of a corporation, may make a
                 restricted disclosure to any one or more of the following --
30                 (a) the DPP or a police officer;

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     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
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     Division 5     Secrecy requirements
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                (b)    an officer of the corporation, for the purpose of giving
                       information under section 53;
                 (c)   an officer of the corporation, for the purpose of ensuring
                       that a requirement under section 54 is complied with;
5               (d)    an officer of the corporation, for the purpose of ensuring
                       that an examination order, a production order, a
                       monitoring order or a suspension order is complied with;
                 (e)   a legal practitioner, for the purpose of obtaining legal
                       advice or representation in relation to giving information
10                     under section 53 or complying with a requirement under
                       section 54;
                 (f)   a legal practitioner, for the purpose of obtaining legal
                       advice or representation in relation to an examination
                       order, a production order, a monitoring order or a
15                     suspension order.
        (2)    An individual who is not acting in the capacity of an officer of a
               corporation or of a legal practitioner may make a restricted
               disclosure to either or both of the following --
                 (a) the DPP or a police officer; or
20               (b) a legal practitioner, for the purpose of obtaining legal
                       advice or representation in relation to an examination
                       order.
        (3)    A legal practitioner to whom a restricted disclosure is made
               under subsection (1) or (2) may make a restricted disclosure to a
25             person to whom the disclosure could have been made under the
               respective subsection for the purpose of giving legal advice or
               representing a person in relation to the matter disclosed.
        (4)    A person (except a legal practitioner) to whom a restricted
               disclosure is made under subsection (1) or (2) may make a
30             restricted disclosure to a person to whom the disclosure could
               have been made under the respective subsection.

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                                            Investigation and search         Part 5
                                       Detention, search and seizure     Division 6
                                                                               s. 72



           (5)   However, if a restricted disclosure about a particular matter may
                 only be made under subsection (1) or (2) in particular
                 circumstances or for a particular purpose, then a person must
                 not make a restricted disclosure under subsection (4) about the
5                matter except in those circumstances or for that purpose.
           (6)   If a person to whom a restricted disclosure about a particular
                 matter is made under this section stops being a person of a kind
                 to whom the disclosure may be made, the person must not, in
                 any circumstances, make a restricted disclosure about the matter
10               to anyone.

     72.         Disclosure to court
                 A person is not required to make a restricted disclosure to any
                 court for any purpose.

                    Division 6 -- Detention, search and seizure
15   73.         Power to detain persons
           (1)   A police officer may, at any time, stop and detain a person if
                 there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the person has
                 confiscable property, or property-tracking documents, in his or
                 her possession.
20         (2)   A police officer may, at any time, stop and detain a person if
                 there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that another person
                 is holding confiscable property, or property-tracking documents,
                 on behalf of the person to be detained.
           (3)   For the purpose of exercising his or her functions under
25               subsection (1) or (2), a police officer may stop and detain a
                 vehicle.
           (4)   When a police officer detains a person under subsection (1)
                 or (2), the officer may --
                   (a) search the person in accordance with section 75; and

                                                                             page 49
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 5         Investigation and search
     Division 6     Detention, search and seizure
     s. 74



                  (b)   search any baggage, package, vehicle or anything else
                        apparently in the possession or under the control of the
                        person.
           (5)   When exercising his or her functions under this section, a police
5                officer may use any necessary force and any assistance the
                 officer thinks necessary.

     74.         Search warrants
           (1)   A police officer may apply to a Justice of the Peace for a search
                 warrant.
10         (2)   A Justice of the Peace may issue a warrant to search any
                 vehicle, premises or place if satisfied, by information on oath,
                 that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that any
                 confiscable property, or any property-tracking documents --
                   (a) is or are in or on the vehicle, premises or place; or
15                 (b) will be in or on the vehicle, premises or place within the
                         next 72 hours.
           (3)   The search warrant may authorise a police officer to do any or
                 all of the following, using any necessary force and with any
                 assistance the officer thinks necessary --
20                 (a) enter the vehicle, premises or place described in the
                          warrant;
                   (b) search the vehicle, premises or place;
                   (c) search any baggage, package or anything else found in
                          or on the vehicle, premises or place;
25                 (d) detain any person in or on the vehicle, premises or place
                          and search the person in accordance with section 75.
           (4)   A warrant --
                  (a) may be executed at any time of night or day; and


     page 50
                                         Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                          Investigation and search         Part 5
                                     Detention, search and seizure     Division 6
                                                                             s. 75



                  (b)   continues in force for 30 days after the day on which it
                        was issued.

     75.         Searching detained persons
           (1)   When a police officer exercises his or her power to search a
5                person under section 73 or under a warrant under section 74, the
                 officer must ensure that the person is searched by a person of
                 the same sex or a medical practitioner.
           (2)   If a suitable person is not available to search the detained person
                 as required by subsection (1), the police officer may --
10                 (a) continue to detain the person for as long as is reasonably
                          necessary for a suitable person to become available; and
                   (b) if appropriate, convey the person to a place where a
                          suitable person is available.

     76.         Additional powers
15         (1)   When a police officer exercises any of his or her powers under
                 section 73 or under a warrant under section 74, the officer may
                 do any or all of the following --
                   (a) seize and detain any documents found in the course of
                         exercising those powers if there are reasonable grounds
20                       for suspecting that they are property-tracking
                         documents;
                   (b) take extracts from or make copies of, or download or
                         print out, any property-tracking documents found in the
                         course of exercising those powers;
25                 (c) require a person who has control of any property-
                         tracking documents found in the course of exercising
                         those powers to make copies of, or download or print
                         out, any property-tracking documents found in the
                         course of exercising those powers;


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     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 5         Investigation and search
     Division 6     Detention, search and seizure
     s. 76



                (d)    require a person to give to the officer any information
                       within the person's knowledge or control that is relevant
                       to locating property that is reasonably suspected of
                       being confiscable;
5               (e)    require a person to give to the officer any information
                       within the person's knowledge or control that is relevant
                       to determining whether or not property is confiscable;
                 (f)   require a person to give the officer, or arrange for the
                       officer to be given, any translation, codes, passwords or
10                     other information necessary to gain access to or to
                       interpret and understand any property-tracking documents
                       or information located or obtained in the course of
                       exercising the officer's powers under the warrant.
        (2)    A person who, without lawful excuse, contravenes a
15             requirement commits an offence.
               Penalty: $100 000 or imprisonment for 5 years, or both.
        (3)    Without limiting subsection (2), a person contravenes a
               requirement if the person --
                 (a) does not disclose material information of which the
20                    person had knowledge, or gives false information or a
                      false document, in purported compliance with the
                      requirement; and
                 (b) was aware, or could reasonably have been expected to
                      have been aware, that the information was material, or
25                    that the information or document was false.
        (4)    A person is not excused from complying with a requirement on
               the grounds that complying with it would tend to incriminate the
               person or render him or her liable to a penalty, but any
               information given in compliance with the requirement is not
30             admissible in evidence in proceedings against the person for any
               offence except an offence under subsection (2).


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                                   Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                    Investigation and search         Part 5
                               Detention, search and seizure     Division 6
                                                                       s. 77



     77.   Later-made documents
           If a warrant under section 74 authorises any action to be taken
           in relation to a document that was in existence at the time that
           the warrant was issued, but at the time that the warrant was
5          executed it was physically impossible for the document to be
           produced, then a police officer may take the action when the
           document becomes available.

     78.   Warrants under other enactments
           Nothing in this Act affects the operation of any other enactment
10         requiring or authorising a police officer to obtain a warrant to
           enter or search property.




                                                                     page 53
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 6         Objections to confiscation

     s. 79



                     Part 6 -- Objections to confiscation
     79.         Objections to confiscation of frozen property
           (1)   A person may file an objection to the confiscation of frozen
                 property.
5          (2)   If a copy of the freezing notice or freezing order was served on
                 the objector, the objection must be filed --
                   (a) within 28 days after the day on which the copy of the
                         notice or order was served on the objector; or
                   (b) within any further time allowed by the court.
10         (3)   If a copy of the freezing notice or freezing order was not served
                 on the objector, the objection must be filed --
                   (a) within 28 days after the day on which the objector
                         becomes aware, or could reasonably be expected to have
                         become aware, that the property has been frozen; or
15                 (b) within any further time allowed by the court.
           (4)   The court may allow further time under subsection (2) or (3)
                 even if the time for filing the objection has expired.

     80.         Parties to objection proceedings
                 The State is a party to proceedings on an objection.

20   81.         Release of frozen property
           (1)   On hearing an objection to the confiscation of frozen property,
                 the court may set aside the freezing notice or freezing order to
                 the extent permitted under section 82, 83 or 84.
           (2)   However, if the property was frozen on 2 or more grounds, but
25               the court does not set aside the freezing notice or freezing order
                 in relation to both or all the grounds, the freezing notice or



     page 54
                                          Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                          Objections to confiscation        Part 6

                                                                               s. 82



                 freezing order continues in force as if it had been made on each
                 remaining ground.

     82.         Release of crime-used property
           (1)   The court may set aside a freezing notice or freezing order for
5                property that was frozen on the ground that it is crime-used if
                 the objector establishes that it is more likely than not that the
                 property is not crime-used.
           (2)   If the court finds that the property is crime-used, or is not
                 required to decide whether the property is crime-used, the court
10               may make an order under subsection (3) or (4).
           (3)   The court may set aside the freezing notice or freezing order for
                 the property if the objector establishes that it is more likely than
                 not that --
                   (a) the objector is the spouse or a dependant of an owner of
15                       the property;
                   (b) the objector is an innocent party, or is less than 18 years
                         old;
                   (c) the objector was usually resident on the property at the
                         time the relevant confiscation offence was committed, or
20                       is most likely to have been committed;
                   (d) the objector was usually resident on the property at the
                         time the objection was filed;
                   (e) the objector has no other residence at the time of hearing
                         the objection;
25                  (f) the objector would suffer undue hardship if the property
                         is confiscated; and
                   (g) it is not practicable to make adequate provision for the
                         objector by some other means.



                                                                             page 55
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 6         Objections to confiscation

     s. 83



           (4)   The court may set aside the freezing notice or freezing order if
                 the objector establishes that is more likely than not that --
                   (a) the objector is the owner of the property, or is one of 2
                         or more owners of the property;
5                  (b) the objector is an innocent party in relation to the
                         property; and
                   (c) each other owner (if there are more than one) is an
                         innocent party in relation to the property.
           (5)   If the objector establishes the matters set out in
10               paragraphs (4)(a) and (b), but fails to establish the matter
                 set out in subsection (4)(c), the court may order that, when the
                 property is sold after confiscation, the objector is to be paid an
                 amount equal to the amount that bears to the net proceeds of the
                 sale of the property the same proportion as the objector's share
15               of the property bears to the whole property.
           (6)   In an order under subsection (5), the court is to specify the
                 proportion that it finds to be the objector's share of the property.
           (7)   On the application of the DPP or an owner of the property, the
                 court may set aside the freezing notice or freezing order for the
20               property if it also orders the objector to pay to the State an
                 amount equal to the value of the property.
           (8)   Sections 22(6), 22(7), 23, 24, 25 and 26 apply in relation to
                 making an order under subsection (7) and to the objector as if
                 the order was a crime-used property substitution declaration and
25               the objector was the respondent in relation to the declaration.

     83.         Release of crime-derived property
                 The court may set aside a freezing notice or freezing order for
                 property that was frozen on the ground that it is crime-derived if
                 the objector establishes that it is more likely than not that the
30               property is not crime-derived.

     page 56
                                          Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                          Objections to confiscation        Part 6

                                                                               s. 84



     84.         Setting aside orders: other frozen property
           (1)   The court may set aside a freezing order for property that was
                 frozen under section 43(3) if the court finds that it is more likely
                 than not that the person who is or will be the respondent to the
5                unexplained wealth declaration, criminal benefits declaration or
                 crime-used property substitution declaration does not own or
                 effectively control the property, and has not at any time given it
                 away.
           (2)   The court may set aside a freezing order for property that was
10               frozen under section 43(5) if the court finds that it is more likely
                 than not that the person who is or will be charged with the
                 offence does not own or effectively control the property, and
                 has not at any time given it away.
           (3)   The court may make any necessary or convenient ancillary orders.

15   85.         Applications for release of confiscated property
           (1)   A person may apply to the court for the release of property that
                 has been confiscated under section 6 or 7.
           (2)   The application must be made within 28 days after the person
                 became aware, or can reasonably be expected to have become
20               aware, that the property has been confiscated.

     86.         Parties to proceedings
                 The State is a party to proceedings on an application under
                 section 85.




                                                                             page 57
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 6         Objections to confiscation

     s. 87



     87.         Orders to release confiscated property
           (1)   On hearing an application under section 85, the court may order
                 the release of any property except crime-derived property if it is
                 more likely than not that --
5                  (a) immediately before the confiscation of the property, the
                         applicant owned the property, or was one of 2 or more
                         owners of the property;
                   (b) the applicant did not become aware, and can not
                         reasonably be expected to have become aware, until
10                       after the property was confiscated, that the property was
                         liable to confiscation under section 6 or 7;
                   (c) the applicant is or was an innocent party in relation to
                         the property; and
                   (d) each other owner (if there are more than one) is or was
15                       an innocent party in relation to the property.
           (2)   If the court orders the release of the property --
                   (a) if the property is money -- an amount equal to the
                         amount of the money is to be paid to the objector from
                         the Confiscation Proceeds Account;
20                 (b) if the property is not money, and has not been disposed
                         of -- the property is to be given to the objector; and
                   (c) if the property is not money, and has been sold -- an
                         amount equal to the net proceeds of the sale is to be paid
                         to the objector from the Confiscation Proceeds Account.
25         (3)   If the objector establishes the matters set out in
                 subsection (1)(a), (b) and (c), but fails to establish the matter
                 set out in subsection (1)(d), the court may order the release of
                 the objector's share of the property.
           (4)   In an order under subsection (3) the court is to specify the
30               proportion that it finds to be the objector's share of the property.


     page 58
                                   Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                   Objections to confiscation        Part 6

                                                                       s. 87



     (5)   If the court makes an order under subsection (3), the objector is
           to be paid out of the Confiscation Proceeds Account --
             (a) if the property is money -- an amount equal to the
                   objector's share of the money; and
5            (b) if the property is not money -- an amount equal to the
                   amount that bears to the net proceeds of the sale of the
                   property the same proportion as the objector's share of
                   the property bears to the whole property.
     (6)   The court may make any necessary or convenient ancillary
10         orders.




                                                                     page 59
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 7         Management of seized, frozen and confiscated property
     Division 1     Control and management of property
     s. 88



                 Part 7 -- Management of seized, frozen and
                           confiscated property
                 Division 1 -- Control and management of property
     88.          Management of seized property
5          (1)    The Commissioner of Police has responsibility for the control
                  and management of property seized under section 33(1) or
                  under a warrant under section 74.
           (2)    The power conferred by section 9 of the Police Act 1892 is
                  taken to include power to make orders as to the performance by
10                members of the Police Force on behalf of the Commissioner of
                  Police of functions conferred on the Commissioner of Police by
                  this Act.

     89.          Management of frozen or confiscated property
           (1)    The DPP has responsibility for the control and management of
15                frozen property unless the court otherwise orders under
                  section 45(c) or 91(2).
           (2)    The DPP has responsibility for the control and management of
                  confiscated property until it is disposed of.
           (3)    The DPP may appoint any of the following persons to manage
20                property for which the DPP has responsibility under
                  subsection (1) or (2) --
                    (a) the Public Trustee;
                    (b) the Commissioner of Police;
                    (c) in the case of frozen property -- a person who owns the
25                        property.




     page 60
                                         Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
             Management of seized, frozen and confiscated property         Part 7
                             Control and management of property        Division 1
                                                                             s. 90



     90.         DPP's capacity to carry out transactions
                 To facilitate the destruction, sale or other disposal of property
                 under this Act, the DPP may enter into a contract, and may
                 execute a transfer or other instrument.

5    91.         Applications by owner for control and management
           (1)   An owner of frozen property may apply to the court for an order
                 under subsection (2) in relation to the property.
           (2)   On hearing an application, the court may, if it thinks fit, by
                 order appoint the person --
10                 (a) to control and manage the property while the freezing
                         notice or freezing order is in force; or
                   (b) to sell or destroy the property.

     92.         Duties of responsible person
                 A person who has responsibility for the control or management
15               of property under this Act or under an order under this Act,
                 must take reasonable steps to ensure that the property is
                 appropriately stored or appropriately managed, and that it is
                 appropriately maintained, until one of the following happens in
                 accordance with this Act --
20                 (a) the property is returned to the person from whom it was
                        seized or to a person who owns it;
                   (b) another person becomes responsible for the control and
                        management of the property;
                   (c) the property is sold or destroyed; or
25                 (d) the property is otherwise disposed of.




                                                                             page 61
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 7         Management of seized, frozen and confiscated property
     Division 2     Disposal of deteriorating or undesirable property
     s. 93



     Division 2 -- Disposal of deteriorating or undesirable property
     93.         Destruction of property on grounds of public interest
           (1)   A person who has responsibility for the control or management
                 of seized, frozen or confiscated property may apply to the court
5                for an order under subsection (2).
           (2)   On hearing an application, the court may order that the property
                 is to be destroyed if it would not be in the public interest to
                 preserve the property.

     94.         Sale of deteriorating property
10         (1)   A person who has responsibility for the control or management
                 of frozen property may apply to the court for an order under
                 subsection (2).
           (2)   The court may order that the property is to be sold if it is more
                 likely than not that --
15                 (a) the property is or will be subject to substantial waste or
                          loss of value if it is retained until it is dealt with under
                          another provision of this Act; or
                   (b) the cost of managing or protecting the property will
                          exceed the value of the property if it is retained until it is
20                        dealt with under another provision of this Act.
           (3)   If the Public Trustee has the control or management of frozen
                 property under this Act, the Public Trustee may sell the property
                 in the circumstances referred to in subsection (2), without
                 obtaining an order under that subsection, if --
25                 (a)   the Public Trustee gives adequate notice of the proposed
                         sale to the owner of the property; and
                   (b)   the owner does not file an objection to the sale in the
                         court that made the freezing order.


     page 62
                                         Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
             Management of seized, frozen and confiscated property         Part 7
                       Management of property by Public Trustee        Division 3
                                                                             s. 95



           (4)   When frozen property is sold under an order under
                 subsection (1), or under subsection (2), the net proceeds of the
                 sale are taken to be frozen property that is subject to the
                 freezing notice or freezing order made in respect of the sold
5                property.

     95.         Valuation and inventory of frozen property
           (1)   A person who has the control or management of frozen property
                 under this Act may do either or both of the following --
                   (a) arrange for the property to be valued by an appropriately
10                       qualified valuer;
                   (b) arrange for an inventory to be taken of any fittings,
                         fixtures or moveable goods in or on the property.
           (2)   The person must arrange for a copy of the inventory to be
                 served on each person on whom a copy of the freezing notice or
15               freezing order was served under section 36 or 46.

           Division 3 -- Management of property by Public Trustee
     96.         Public Trustee's power to appoint a manager
                 If the Public Trustee has the control or management of property
                 under this Act, the Public Trustee may appoint a person to
20               exercise all or any of the Public Trustee's functions in relation
                 to the property.

     97.         Public Trustee's liability for charges on frozen property
           (1)   If State taxes imposed on frozen or confiscated property fall due
                 while the property is under the control or management of the
25               Public Trustee, the Public Trustee is liable for the taxes only to
                 the extent of any rents and profits received by the Public Trustee
                 in respect of the property.



                                                                           page 63
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 7         Management of seized, frozen and confiscated property
     Division 3     Management of property by Public Trustee
     s. 98



           (2)   If the property is a business, the Public Trustee is not liable
                 for --
                   (a) any payment in respect of long service leave for which
                          the business or the owner of the business is liable; or
5                  (b) any payment in respect of long service leave to which a
                          person employed by the Public Trustee to manage the
                          business, or the legal personal representative of such a
                          person, becomes entitled as a result of managing the
                          business, after the date of the freezing order.

10   98.         Managing interstate property
           (1)   The Public Trustee may make an agreement for the management
                 of property frozen under a registered interstate freezing order
                 with an official who is required under the order to take control
                 of the property.
15         (2)   The Public Trustee may exercise, in accordance with the
                 agreement, the same functions in relation to the property as the
                 official would be able to exercise under the order if the property
                 were in the State in which the order was made.

     99.         Fees payable to Public Trustee
20               The Public Trustee is entitled to receive the fees prescribed by
                 or under the Public Trustee Act 1941 for exercising its functions
                 under this Act in relation to frozen or confiscated property.

     100.        Obstructing Public Trustee
                 A person must not hinder or obstruct the Public Trustee, or a
25               Deputy Public Trustee, or an officer, servant or agent of the
                 Public Trustee, in exercising the functions of the Public Trustee
                 under this Act.
                 Penalty: $100 000 or imprisonment for 5 years, or both.


     page 64
                                        Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                       Court jurisdiction and evidentiary matters         Part 8

                                                                          s. 101



      Part 8 -- Court jurisdiction and evidentiary matters
     101.    Courts' jurisdiction
       (1)   The Supreme Court has jurisdiction in any proceedings on an
             application under this Act.
5      (2)   The District Court has jurisdiction to hear and determine an
             application under this Act in connection with property if --
               (a) the property is not registrable real property; and
               (b) the value of the property is not more than $250 000.
       (3)   A Local Court has jurisdiction to hear and determine an
10           application in relation to property for a declaration or order of a
             kind listed in subsection (4) if --
               (a) the property is not registrable real property; and
               (b) the value of the property is not more than $25 000.
       (4)   For the purposes of subsection (3), the following declarations
15           and orders are listed --
               (a) a criminal benefits declaration;
               (b) a crime-used property substitution declaration;
               (c) a freezing order;
               (d) a production order;
20             (e) a monitoring order;
                (f) a suspension order.
       (5)   With the consent of both the applicant and the respondent, the
             court of petty sessions may hear and determine an objection or
             an application for an unexplained wealth declaration, a criminal
25           benefits declaration or a crime-used property substitution
             declaration.



                                                                         page 65
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 8         Court jurisdiction and evidentiary matters

     s. 102



        (6)    A declaration, order, finding or decision of a court under this
               Act in relation to property is not invalid only because the value
               of the property exceeds the maximum permitted to be dealt with
               by the court under this section.
5       (7)    Part VI of the District Court of Western Australia Act 1969
               applies to proceedings on an application under this Act as if a
               reference in the first-mentioned Act to an action were a
               reference to an application under this Act.
        (8)    Nothing in this section affects the jurisdiction of a court in
10             criminal proceedings under this Act.

     102.      Proceedings
        (1)    Proceedings on an application under this Act are taken to be
               civil proceedings for all purposes.
        (2)    Except in relation to an offence under this Act --
15              (a) a rule of construction that is applicable only in relation
                      to the criminal law does not apply in the interpretation
                      of this Act;
                (b) the rules of evidence applicable in civil proceedings
                      apply in proceedings under this Act;
20              (c) the rules of evidence applicable only in criminal
                      proceedings do not apply in proceedings under this Act;
                      and
                (d) a question of fact to be decided by a court in
                      proceedings on an application under this Act is to be
25                    decided on the balance of probabilities.

     103.      Appearance by Attorney General
               The Attorney General may appear in any proceedings under this
               Act in which the State has an interest, whether or not the DPP is
               also a party to the proceedings.

     page 66
                                        Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                       Court jurisdiction and evidentiary matters         Part 8

                                                                         s. 104



     104.    Stays of proceedings
             The fact that criminal proceedings under this Act or any other
             enactment have been instituted or have commenced is not a
             ground on which the court may stay proceedings under this Act
5            that are not criminal proceedings.

     105.    Opinion evidence
       (1)   For the purposes of making an unexplained wealth declaration
             or a criminal benefits declaration, the court may receive
             evidence of the opinion of a person of a kind listed in
10           subsection (2) who is experienced in the investigation of illegal
             activities involving plants or drugs, about the following
             matters --
               (a) the amount that was the market value at a particular time
                      of a particular kind of plant or drug;
15             (b) the amount, or range of amounts, ordinarily paid at a
                      particular time for doing anything in relation to a
                      particular kind of plant or drug.
       (2)   For the purposes of subsection (1), the following persons are
             listed --
20              (a) a police officer of Western Australia;
                (b) a member of the Australian Federal Police;
                (c) an officer of Customs within the meaning of the
                     Customs Act 1901 of the Commonwealth;
               (d) the DPP.
25     (3)   Subsections (1) and (2) have effect despite any other enactment,
             or any practice, relating to hearsay evidence.




                                                                        page 67
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 8         Court jurisdiction and evidentiary matters

     s. 106



     106.      Evidence that property is crime-used or crime-derived
               A finding that particular property is crime-used or
               crime-derived, or that there are reasonable grounds for
               suspecting that it is crime-used or crime-derived, and any
5              decision, declaration or order based on such a finding --
                 (a) need not be based on a finding as to the commission of a
                       particular confiscation offence, but may be based on a
                       finding that some confiscation offence or other has been
                       committed;
10               (b) may be made whether or not anyone has been charged
                       with or convicted of the relevant confiscation offence; and
                 (c) may be made whether or not anyone who owns or
                       effectively controls the property has been identified.
     107.      Evidence of offence proceedings
15             In any proceedings under this Act in relation to property, if a
               person has been convicted of the relevant confiscation offence,
               the court may have regard to any or all of the following --
                 (a) a transcript of the evidence given in any proceedings for
                       the offence;
20               (b) the sentencing transcript;
                 (c) any statement, deposition, exhibit or other material
                       before a court in any proceedings for the offence;
                 (d) a copy of any statement that was served on the person,
                       or that would have been served on the person if the
25                     person had not absconded.
     108.      Transcripts of examinations
               For the purposes of section 61(7), the transcript of an
               examination of a person under an examination order is
               admissible in any proceedings under this Act or under any other


     page 68
                                        Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                       Court jurisdiction and evidentiary matters         Part 8

                                                                         s. 109



             law in force in Western Australia as evidence of a statement or
             disclosure made by the person in the course of complying with
             the examination order.
     109.    Hearsay evidence
5            A decision under this Act, except under Part 6, about the
             existence of grounds for doing or suspecting anything may be
             based on hearsay evidence or hearsay information.
     110.    Evidence of compliance with production orders
             When a person produces a document, or makes a document
10           available, under a production order, the production or making
             available of the document, or any information, document or
             anything else acquired as a direct or indirect consequence of
             complying with the order, is not admissible against the person in
             evidence in any criminal proceedings except proceedings for an
15           offence under section 65.
     111.    Certificates under Misuse of Drugs Act 1981
             In any proceedings under this Act, a certificate referred to in
             section 38(2) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1981 is sufficient
             evidence of the facts stated in the certificate.
20   112.    Enforcing compliance with Act or court order
       (1)   If a person fails to take any action necessary to comply with or
             give effect to this Act or an order under this Act --
               (a) at the direction of the Supreme Court or a judge, the
                      Registrar of the Supreme Court may take the necessary
25                    action; and
               (b) the action of the Registrar has effect for all purposes as
                      if it had been done by the person.
       (2)   The person is liable to pay any costs incurred as a result of
             taking the action.

                                                                        page 69
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 9         Interests in registrable property

     s. 113



               Part 9 -- Interests in registrable property
     113.      Registration of interests in registrable real property
        (1)    When a memorial is lodged under this Act with the Registrar of
               Titles, the Registrar is to --
5                (a) register the memorial; and
                 (b) do anything else necessary to give effect to the change
                        of circumstances to which the memorial relates.
        (2)    Nothing in this Act prevents a person from lodging with the
               Registrar of Titles --
10              (a) a caveat relating to frozen registrable real property;
                (b) a memorial of a dealing or purported dealing in
                      registrable real property that is frozen at the time that the
                      memorial is lodged; or
                (c) a memorial of a dealing or purported dealing in
15                    registrable real property that was frozen at the time that
                      the dealing or purported dealing was carried out.
        (3)    Nothing in this Act prevents the Registrar of Titles from --
                (a) giving notice to a person that a caveat has been lodged
                      in relation to frozen registrable real property;
20              (b) accepting a memorial of a dealing or purported dealing
                      in registrable real property that is frozen at the time that
                      the memorial is lodged; or
                (c) accepting a memorial of a dealing or purported dealing
                      in registrable real property that was frozen at the time
25                    that the dealing or purported dealing was carried out.




     page 70
                                       Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                 Interests in registrable property       Part 9

                                                                          s. 114



       (4)   However, if a memorial (other than a memorial lodged under
             this Act) is lodged or registered in relation to frozen registrable
             real property --
               (a) the memorial and its lodgement or registration have no
5                    effect, at law, in equity or otherwise, while the freezing
                     notice or freezing order is in force; and
               (b) if the freezing notice or freezing order ceases to be in
                     force, and the property is not confiscated, then the
                     memorial, and its lodgement or registration (if any),
10                   have effect as if the property had not been frozen at the
                     time that the memorial was lodged or registered.

     114.    Registration of interests in other property
             If a registrar of property registered under any enactment except
             the Transfer of Land Act 1893 is notified under this Act that a
15           freezing order or freezing order for the property has been issued
             or made, or has ceased to be in force, or that the property has
             been confiscated, the registrar is to note the relevant particulars
             in the register.

     115.    Imputation of knowledge that property is frozen
20     (1)   If a memorial of the issue of a freezing notice or the making of a
             freezing order for registrable real property has been registered
             under section 113(1), any person who deals with the property
             while the freezing notice or freezing order is in force is taken to
             have notice, for all purposes, that the freezing notice or freezing
25           order is in force.
       (2)   If particulars of a freezing notice or freezing order for any
             property (except registrable real property) have been noted in
             the register under section 114, any person who deals with the
             property while the freezing notice or freezing order is in force is
30           taken to have notice, for all purposes, that it is in force.


                                                                         page 71
    Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
    Part 9         Interests in registrable property

    s. 116



    116.      Instruments lodged with the Registrar of Titles
       (1)    The Registrar of Titles may approve the form of memorials or
              any other instruments lodged with the Registrar under or for the
              purposes of this Act.
5      (2)    A memorial or other instrument lodged with the Registrar under
              or for the purposes of this Act must be in a form approved under
              subsection (1).




    page 72
                                           Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
            Mutual recognition of freezing orders and confiscation of      Part 10
                                                            property
                     Registration of WA orders in other jurisdictions    Division 1
                                                                             s. 117


      Part 10 -- Mutual recognition of freezing orders and
                  confiscation of property
      Division 1 -- Registration of WA orders in other jurisdictions
     117.       Interstate registration of freezing notices and orders
5      (1)      For the purpose of enabling a freezing notice or freezing order
                to be registered under a corresponding law of another State or a
                Territory, the notice or order may be expressed to apply to
                property in the State or Territory.
       (2)      The notice or order does not apply to property in another State
10              or a Territory except to the extent that --
                  (a) a corresponding law of the State or Territory provides
                        that the notice or order has effect in the State or
                        Territory when it is registered under that law; or
                  (b) if the property is moveable -- when the order took
15                      effect, the property was not located in a State or
                        Territory in which a corresponding law is in force.

        Division 2 -- Recognition of orders of other jurisdictions
     118.       Registration of interstate orders
       (1)      If an interstate freezing order, or an interstate confiscation
20              declaration, expressly applies to property that is in this State, the
                order may be registered under this Act.
       (2)      An order is registered under this Act when a copy of the order,
                sealed by the court that made the order, is registered in
                accordance with the rules of the Supreme Court.
25     (3)      Any amendments made to an interstate freezing order or an
                interstate confiscation declaration may be registered in the same
                way, whether the amendments were made before or after the

                                                                             page 73
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 10        Mutual recognition of freezing orders and confiscation of
                    property
     Division 2     Recognition of orders of other jurisdictions
     s. 119


               registration of the original declaration, but the amendments are
               of no effect until they are registered.
        (4)    An application for registration may be made by the applicant for
               the interstate order or declaration or amendments, by the DPP,
5              or by any person affected by the order or amendments.

     119.      Effect of registration of interstate freezing orders
        (1)    A registered interstate freezing order may be enforced in this
               State as if the order had been made under section 43.
        (2)    This Act (except sections 41 and 46) applies to a registered
10             interstate freezing order as if the order had been made under
               section 43.

     120.      Effect of registration of interstate confiscation declarations
        (1)    A registered interstate confiscation declaration may be enforced
               in this State as if the property to which it relates had been
15             confiscated under section 6, 7 or 8.
        (2)    A registered interstate confiscation declaration does not operate
               so as to vest property in any person or entity except this State.
        (3)    A registered interstate confiscation declaration does not operate
               so as to vest property in this State if the order has already
20             operated to vest the property in the Commonwealth, a Territory
               or another State, or in some other person or entity.

     121.      Duration of registration of interstate orders
               A registered interstate freezing order or registered interstate
               confiscation declaration is enforceable in this State under this
25             Act until its registration is cancelled under section 122, even if
               the order has already ceased to be in force under the law of the
               Commonwealth, or of the State or Territory, under which the
               order was made.

     page 74
                                           Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
            Mutual recognition of freezing orders and confiscation of      Part 10
                                                            property
                                      Charges on interstate property     Division 3
                                                                             s. 122


     122.       Cancellation of registration of interstate orders
       (1)      The Supreme Court may cancel the registration of an interstate
                freezing order or interstate confiscation declaration if --
                  (a) registration was improperly obtained; or
5                 (b) the order ceases to be in force under the law of the
                        Commonwealth, or of the State or Territory, under
                        which the order was made.
       (2)      An application for the cancellation of the registration may be
                made by the person who applied for its registration, by the DPP,
10              or by a person affected by the order.

                  Division 3 -- Charges on interstate property
     123.       Creation of charge
       (1)      A charge is created on property that is frozen under a registered
                interstate freezing order if --
15                (a) the order was made in connection with a confiscation
                        offence committed interstate by the owner of the
                        property;
                  (b) an interstate criminal benefits declaration is made
                        against the person in connection with the confiscation
20                      offence; and
                  (c) the interstate criminal benefits declaration is registered
                        in a court of this State under the Service and Execution
                        of Process Act 1992 of the Commonwealth.
       (2)      The charge is created as soon as both the interstate freezing
25              order and the interstate criminal benefits declaration are
                registered in a court of this State.




                                                                           page 75
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 10        Mutual recognition of freezing orders and confiscation of
                    property
     Division 3     Charges on interstate property
     s. 124


        (3)    The charge is created to the extent necessary to secure the
               payment of the amount due under the interstate criminal benefits
               declaration.

     124.      Cessation of charge
5       (1)    A charge created on property under section 123(1) ceases to
               have effect as soon as any one of the following happens --
                 (a) the interstate criminal benefits declaration that gave rise
                       to the charge ceases to have effect;
                 (b) the declaration is set aside by a court;
10               (c) the amount due under or as a result of the declaration is
                       paid;
                 (d) the owner of the property becomes bankrupt;
                 (e) the property is sold to a purchaser in good faith for value
                       who, at the time of purchase, had no notice of the
15                     charge;
                  (f) the property is sold or otherwise disposed of in
                       accordance with subsection (2).
        (2)    For the purposes of subsection (1)(f), property may be sold or
               otherwise disposed of --
20               (a) under an order made by a court under the corresponding
                       law of the Commonwealth, or of the State or Territory,
                       under which the interstate criminal benefits declaration
                       was made;
                 (b) by the owner of the property with the consent of the
25                     court that made the interstate criminal benefits
                       declaration; or
                 (c) where an order of a court directs a person to take control
                       of the property -- by the owner of the property with the
                       consent of the person.


     page 76
                                           Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
            Mutual recognition of freezing orders and confiscation of      Part 10
                                                            property
                                      Charges on interstate property     Division 3
                                                                             s. 125


     125.       Priority of charge
                A charge created on property under section 123(1) --
                  (a)   is subject to every encumbrance on the property that
                        came into existence before the charge and that would,
5                       apart from this subsection, have priority over the charge;
                  (b)   has priority over all other encumbrances; and
                  (c)   subject to section 124, is not affected by any change of
                        ownership of the property.

     126.       Registration of charge on land
10     (1)      If a charge is created on land under section 123, the DPP or the
                Public Trustee may lodge a memorial of a charge on an interest
                in land under the Transfer of Land Act 1893 or the Registration
                of Deeds Act 1856 and the memorial may be registered in
                accordance with the respective Act.
15     (2)      Anyone who purchases or otherwise acquires an interest in the
                property after the memorial is lodged is taken to have notice of
                the charge, for the purposes of section 124(1)(e), at the time of
                the purchase or acquisition.
       (3)      If the charge ceases to have effect, the DPP or the Public
20              Trustee may withdraw the memorial in accordance with the Act
                under which it was registered, and the registration may be
                cancelled in accordance with that Act.

     127.       Registration of charge on property except land
       (1)      The DPP or the Public Trustee may lodge a memorial of a
25              charge on property of a kind other than land under any
                enactment that provides for the registration of interests in
                property of that kind, and the memorial may be registered in
                accordance with the enactment.



                                                                           page 77
    Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
    Part 10        Mutual recognition of freezing orders and confiscation of
                   property
    Division 3     Charges on interstate property
    s. 127


       (2)    Anyone who purchases or otherwise acquires an interest in the
              property after the memorial is lodged is taken to have notice of
              the charge, for the purposes of section 124(1)(e), at the time of
              the purchase or acquisition.
5      (3)    If the charge ceases to have effect, the DPP or the Public
              Trustee may withdraw the memorial in accordance with the
              enactment, and the registration of the memorial may be
              cancelled in accordance with the enactment.




    page 78
                                      Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                                Miscellaneous         Part 11

                                                                         s. 128



                        Part 11 -- Miscellaneous
     128.    Act binds States and Commonwealth
       (1)   This Act binds this State, the Commonwealth, each other State,
             the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory, to
5            the extent that the legislative power of Parliament permits.
       (2)   Nothing in this Act renders this State, the Commonwealth,
             another State or a Territory liable to prosecution for an offence.

     129.    Property protected from seizure and confiscation
       (1)   Property of any of the following kinds is protected from
10           confiscation if it is not crime-used property --
               (a) family photographs;
               (b) family portraits;
               (c) necessary clothing.
       (2)   Property of any of the following kinds is protected from
15           confiscation if it is not crime-used property or crime-derived
             property --
               (a) ordinary tools of trade;
               (b) professional instruments;
               (c) reference books.
20     (3)   However, ordinary tools of trade, professional instruments and
             reference books that are owned or effectively controlled by the
             same person are protected from confiscation only to the extent
             that the combined value of the tools, instruments and books
             does not exceed the amount prescribed for the purposes of
25           section 75(1)(c) of the Fines, Penalties and Infringement
             Notices Enforcement Act 1994.




                                                                        page 79
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 11        Miscellaneous

     s. 130



        (4)    Property that is protected from confiscation --
                 (a) is not confiscated under section 6, 7 or 8;
                 (b) is not to be frozen;
                 (c) is not to be taken, under a warrant of execution or
5                     otherwise, for the purpose of satisfying a person's
                      liability under section 14, 20 or 24; and
                 (d) is not to be seized under this Act or under a warrant
                      under this Act.

     130.      Confiscation Proceeds Account
10      (1)    An account called the Confiscation Proceeds Account is
               established as part of the Trust Fund provided for by section 9
               of the Financial Administration and Audit Act 1985.
        (2)    The provisions of the Financial Administration and Audit
               Act 1985 regulating the financial administration, audit and
15             reporting of departments apply to the Confiscation Proceeds
               Account.
        (3)    For the purposes of section 52 of the Financial Administration
               and Audit Act 1985, the administration of the Confiscation
               Proceeds Account is to be regarded as a service of the
20             department principally assisting the Minister in the
               administration of this Act.

     131.      Payments into and out of the Confiscation Proceeds Account
        (1)    The following are to be paid into the Confiscation Proceeds
               Account --
25              (a) money that, under this Act, is paid to the State,
                       recovered by the State or confiscated;
                (b) proceeds of the disposal of other confiscated property;



     page 80
                                   Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                             Miscellaneous         Part 11

                                                                     s. 131



            (c)   money paid to the State under the Proceeds of Crime
                  Act 1987 of the Commonwealth from the Confiscated
                  Assets Reserve established under that Act or any other
                  fund established for a similar purpose under a law of the
5                 Commonwealth.
     (2)   Money may be paid out of the Confiscation Proceeds Account
           at the direction of the Attorney General, as reimbursement or
           otherwise --
             (a) for a purpose associated with the administration of this
10                  Act;
             (b) for the development and administration of programmes
                    or activities designed to prevent or reduce drug-related
                    criminal activity and the abuse of prohibited drugs;
             (c) to provide support services and other assistance to
15                  victims of crime;
             (d) to carry out operations authorised by the Commissioner
                    of Police for the purpose of identifying or locating
                    persons involved in the commission of a confiscation
                    offence;
20           (e) to carry out operations authorised by the Commissioner
                    of Police for the purpose of identifying or locating
                    confiscable property;
              (f) to cover any costs of storing, seizing or managing frozen
                    or confiscated property that are incurred by the Police
25                  Force, the DPP or a person appointed under this Act to
                    manage the property; and
             (g) for any other purposes in aid of law enforcement.




                                                                    page 81
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 11        Miscellaneous

     s. 132



     132.      Obstructing police officers
        (1)    A person commits an offence if the person wilfully delays or
               obstructs a police officer in the exercise of the functions of a
               police officer under this Act, or a person assisting a police
5              officer in the exercise of those functions.
               Penalty: $100 000 or imprisonment for 5 years, or both.
        (2)    A person commits an offence if the person wilfully does not
               produce any property to, or wilfully conceals or attempts to
               conceal any property from, a police officer in the exercise of the
10             police officer's functions under this Act, or a person assisting a
               police officer in the exercise of those functions.
               Penalty: $100 000 or imprisonment for 5 years, or both.

     133.      Later applications, notices, orders or findings
               The fact that a freezing notice has been issued for property or
15             that an application, order or finding has been made under this
               Act in relation to any property, person or confiscation offence
               does not prevent another freezing notice from being issued for
               the property, or prevent another application, order or finding, or
               a different application, order or finding, from being made under
20             this Act in relation to the property, the person or the offence.

     134.      DPP's power to delegate
        (1)    The DPP may delegate the performance of any of the functions
               of the DPP under this Act, except this power of delegation, to an
               officer referred to in section 30 of the Director of Public
25             Prosecutions Act 1991.
        (2)    A delegation --
                (a) must be made by written instrument;
                (b) is made on behalf of and subject to the direction and
                      control of the DPP; and

     page 82
                                      Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                                Miscellaneous         Part 11

                                                                         s. 135



               (c)   may be made generally or as otherwise provided by the
                     instrument.

     135.    Orders relating to sham transactions
       (1)   The DPP may apply to the court for an order under
5            subsection (2).
       (2)   On hearing an application, if the court is satisfied that a person
             is carrying out, or has carried out, a sham transaction, the court
             may, to defeat the purpose of the transaction, by order --
                (a) declare that the transaction is void in whole or in part; or
10             (b) vary the operation of the transaction in whole or in part.
       (3)   The court may make any ancillary orders that are just in the
             circumstances for or with respect to any consequential or related
             matter, including orders relating to --
               (a) dealing with property;
15             (b) the disposition of any proceeds from the sale of
                     property;
               (c) making payments of money; and
               (d) creating a charge on property in favour of any person
                     and the enforcement of the charge.
20     (4)   The court may rescind or vary an order made under this section.

     136.    Proceedings against body corporate
       (1)   If a body corporate commits an offence under this Act and it is
             proved that the offence occurred with the consent or connivance
             of an officer of the body corporate, or a person purporting to act
25           as an officer of the body corporate, that person, as well as the
             body corporate, commits the offence.
       (2)   If the affairs of a body corporate are managed by its members,
             subsection (1) applies in relation to the acts and defaults of a

                                                                        page 83
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 11        Miscellaneous

     s. 137



               member in connection with the member's functions of
               management as if the member were a director of the body
               corporate.
        (3)    If, in proceedings under this Act, it is necessary to establish the
5              state of mind of a body corporate in relation to particular
               conduct, it is sufficient to show that --
                  (a) the conduct was engaged in by an officer of the body
                        corporate within the scope of his or her actual or
                        apparent authority; and
10               (b) the officer had that state of mind.
        (4)    If an officer of a body corporate engages in conduct on behalf of
               the body corporate within the scope of his or her actual
               authority then, for the purposes of proceedings under this Act,
               the body corporate is taken also to have engaged in the conduct
15             unless the body corporate establishes that it took reasonable
               precautions and exercised due diligence to avoid the conduct.

     137.      Liability for carrying out functions under this Act
               A person on whom this Act confers a function is not personally
               liable in civil proceedings, and the State is not liable, for
20             anything done or default made by the person in good faith for
               the purpose of carrying this Act into effect.

     138.      Effect of owner's death
        (1)    A reference in this Act to property of a person who is dead is to
               be read as a reference to property owned or effectively
25             controlled by the person immediately before his or her death, or
               given away by the person at any time before his or her death.
        (2)    An order may be applied for and made under this Act --




     page 84
                                     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                               Miscellaneous         Part 11

                                                                       s. 139



              (a)   in respect of property that is or was owned or effectively
                    controlled or given away by a person even if the person
                    is dead; and
              (b)   on the basis of the activities of a person who is dead.
5      (3)   If a person who owns frozen property dies, this Act continues to
             apply to the property in all respects as if the person had not
             died, regardless of whether the administrator of the person's
             estate or any other person in whom the property vests as a result
             of the death is an innocent party in relation to the property.
10     (4)   Without limiting the remainder of this section, if a person who
             is a joint tenant of frozen property dies --
                (a) the person's death does not operate to vest the property
                      in the surviving joint tenant or tenants; and
               (b) the freezing notice or freezing order continues to apply
15                    to the property as if the person had not died.

     139.    Regulations
       (1)   The Governor may make regulations prescribing all matters that
             are required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed, or are
             necessary or convenient to be prescribed, for giving effect to
20           this Act.
       (2)   Without limiting subsection (1), the regulations may --
              (a) provide for carrying out the destruction of property
                   under an order under section 93;
              (b) provide for carrying out the sale of deteriorating
25                 property under an order under section 94;
              (c) provide for obtaining possession of confiscated
                   property;
              (d) provide for the storage and management of confiscated
                   property;


                                                                      page 85
    Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
    Part 11        Miscellaneous

    s. 139



               (e)   provide for the disposal of confiscated property that has
                     vested in the State; and
               (f)   authorise persons or persons in a class of persons to
                     carry out any or all of the functions of a police officer
5                    under this Act.




    page 86
                                      Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                                 Interpretation       Part 12

                                                                         s. 140



                        Part 12 -- Interpretation
     140.    Confiscation offences
       (1)   In this Act, "confiscation offence" means --
               (a) an offence against a law in force anywhere in Australia
5                    that is punishable by imprisonment for 2 years or more;
                     or
               (b) any other offence that is prescribed for the purposes of
                     this definition.
       (2)   An offence of a kind referred to in paragraph (1)(a) is a
10           confiscation offence even if a charge against a person for the
             offence is dealt with by a court whose jurisdiction is limited to
             the imposition of sentences of imprisonment of less than
             2 years.

     141.    Confiscable property
15           Property is confiscable for the purposes of this Act if the
             property is --
               (a) owned or effectively controlled, or has at any time been
                    given away, by a person who has unexplained wealth;
               (b) owned or effectively controlled, or has at any time been
20                  given away, by a person who has acquired a criminal
                    benefit;
               (c) crime-used property;
               (d) crime-derived property; or
               (e) owned or effectively controlled, or has at any time been
25                  given away, by a declared drug trafficker.




                                                                        page 87
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 12        Interpretation

     s. 142



     142.      The constituents of a person's wealth
        (1)    The following property, services, advantages and benefits
               together constitute a person's wealth --
                 (a) all property that the person owns, whether the property
5                      was acquired before or after the commencement of this
                       Act;
                 (b) all property that the person effectively controls, whether
                       the person acquired effective control of the property
                       before or after the commencement of this Act;
10               (c) all property that the person has given away at any time,
                       whether before or after the commencement of this Act;
                 (d) all other property acquired by the person at any time,
                       whether before or after the commencement of this Act,
                       including consumer goods and consumer durables that
15                     have been consumed or discarded;
                 (e) all services, advantages and benefits that the person has
                       acquired at any time, whether before or after the
                       commencement of this Act; and
                  (f) all property, services, advantages and benefits acquired,
20                     at the request or direction of the person, by another
                       person at any time, whether before or after the
                       commencement of this Act, including consumer goods
                       and consumer durables that have been consumed or
                       discarded.
25      (2)    Without limiting subsection (1), a reference in that subsection to
               property, services, advantages or benefits acquired by a person
               or by another person at the request or direction of the
               first-mentioned person is to be read as including a reference to
               any thing of monetary value acquired, in Australia or elsewhere,
30             from the commercial exploitation of any product, or of any
               broadcast, telecast or other publication, where the commercial
               value of the product, broadcast, telecast or other publication

     page 88
                                      Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                                 Interpretation       Part 12

                                                                         s. 143



             depends on or is derived from the first-mentioned person's
             involvement in the commission of a confiscation offence,
             whether or not the thing was lawfully acquired and whether or
             not the first-mentioned person has been charged with or
5            convicted of the offence.

     143.    Unexplained wealth
       (1)   For the purposes of this Act, a person has unexplained wealth if
             the value of the person's wealth under subsection (2) is greater
             than the value of the person's lawfully acquired wealth under
10           subsection (3).
       (2)   The value of the person's wealth is the amount equal to the sum
             of the values of all the items of property, and all the services,
             advantages and benefits, that together constitute the person's
             wealth.
15     (3)   The value of the person's lawfully acquired wealth is the
             amount equal to the sum of the values of each item of property,
             and each service, advantage and benefit, that both is a
             constituent of the person's wealth and was lawfully acquired.

     144.    Acquiring criminal benefits
20     (1)   For the purposes of this Act, a person has acquired a criminal
             benefit if --
               (a) any property, service, advantage or benefit that is a
                     constituent of the person's wealth was directly or
                     indirectly acquired as a result of the person's
25                   involvement in the commission of a confiscation
                     offence, whether or not the property, service, advantage
                     or benefit was lawfully acquired; or
               (b) the person has been involved in the commission of a
                     confiscation offence, and any property, service,
30                   advantage or benefit that is a constituent of the person's

                                                                        page 89
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 12        Interpretation

     s. 145



                      wealth was not lawfully acquired, whether or not the
                      property, service, advantage or benefit was acquired as a
                      result of the person's involvement in the commission of
                      the offence.
5       (2)    Without limiting subsection (1), the person has acquired a
               criminal benefit --
                 (a) whether the property, service, advantage or benefit was
                      acquired before, during or after the confiscation offence
                      was or is likely to have been committed;
10               (b) whether or not the property, service, advantage or
                      benefit was acquired before or after the commencement
                      of this Act; and
                 (c) whether or not the confiscation offence was committed
                      before or after the commencement of this Act.

15   145.      Crime-used property
        (1)    For the purposes of this Act, property is crime-used if --
                (a)   the property is or was used, or intended for use, directly
                      or indirectly, in or in connection with the commission of
                      a confiscation offence, or in or in connection with
20                    facilitating the commission of a confiscation offence;
                (b)   the property is or was used for storing property that was
                      acquired unlawfully in the course of the commission of
                      a confiscation offence; or
                (c)   any act or omission was done, omitted to be done or
25                    facilitated in or on the property in connection with the
                      commission of a confiscation offence.
        (2)    Without limiting subsection (1), property described in that
               subsection is crime-used whether or not --
                 (a) the property is also used, or intended or able to be used,
30                    for another purpose;

     page 90
                                      Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                                 Interpretation       Part 12

                                                                         s. 146



              (b)    anyone who used or intended to use the property as
                     mentioned in subsection (1) has been identified;
               (c)   anyone who did or omitted to do anything that
                     constitutes all or part of the relevant confiscation
5                    offence has been identified; or
              (d)    anybody has been charged with or convicted of the
                     relevant confiscation offence.
       (3)   Without limiting subsection (1) or (2), any property in or on
             which an offence under Chapter XXII or XXXI of The Criminal
10           Code is committed is crime-used property.

     146.    Criminal use of property
             For the purposes of this Act, a person makes criminal use of
             property if the person, alone or with anyone else (who need not
             be identified) uses or intends to use the property in a way that
15           brings the property within the definition of crime-used property.

     147.    Crime-derived property
       (1)   Property that is wholly or partly derived or realised, directly or
             indirectly, from the commission of a confiscation offence is
             crime-derived, whether or not --
20             (a) anyone has been charged with or convicted of the
                     offence;
               (b) anyone who directly or indirectly derived or realised the
                     property from the commission of the offence has been
                     identified; or
25             (c) anyone who directly or indirectly derived or realised the
                     property from the commission of the offence was
                     involved in the commission of the offence.




                                                                        page 91
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 12        Interpretation

     s. 148



        (2)    Without limiting subsection (1), property of the following kinds
               is crime-derived --
                  (a) stolen property;
                 (b) property bought with or exchanged for crime-derived
5                      property;
                  (c) property acquired by legitimate means that could not
                       have been acquired if crime-derived property had not
                       been used for other purposes;
                 (d) any thing of monetary value acquired, in Australia or
10                     elsewhere, from the commercial exploitation of any
                       product, or of any broadcast, telecast or other
                       publication, where the commercial value of the product,
                       broadcast, telecast or other publication depends on or is
                       derived from a person's involvement in the commission
15                     of a confiscation offence, whether or not the thing was
                       lawfully acquired and whether or not anyone has been
                       charged with or convicted of the offence.

     148.      Lawful acquisition of property
               Any property, service, advantage or benefit is lawfully acquired
20             only if --
                 (a) the property, service, advantage or benefit was lawfully
                       acquired; and
                (b) any consideration given for the property, service,
                       advantage or benefit was lawfully acquired.

25   149.      Service cut off date
               For the purpose of determining when frozen property is
               confiscated under section 7, the service cut off date is --
                 (a) for property frozen under a freezing notice -- the date of
                       the last day on which a copy of the freezing notice was
30                     served on anyone under section 36(4); and

     page 92
                                      Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                                 Interpretation       Part 12

                                                                          s. 150



              (b)    for property frozen under a freezing order -- the date of
                     the last day on which a copy of the freezing order was
                     served on anyone under section 46(4).

     150.    Dealing with property
5            A reference in this Act to dealing with property includes a
             reference to doing or attempting to do any of the following --
               (a) sell the property or give it away;
               (b) dispose of the property in any other way;
               (c) move or use the property;
10             (d) accept the property as a gift;
               (e) take any profit, benefit or proceeds from the property;
                (f) create, increase or alter any legal or equitable right or
                     obligation in relation to the property;
               (g) effect a change in the effective control of the property.

15   151.    Value of property sold by State
       (1)   If property is sold by or for the State under this Act, the value of
             the property is taken to be equal to the proceeds of the sale after
             taking account of the following --
               (a) costs, charges and expenses arising from the sale;
20             (b) if a freezing notice or freezing order is or was in force
                     for the property -- expenses incurred by the State or a
                     person appointed to manage the property while the
                     notice or order was in force;
               (c) if the property has been confiscated -- any expenses
25                   incurred by the State or a person appointed to manage
                     the property after it was confiscated;
               (d) any charges on the property.



                                                                         page 93
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 12        Interpretation

     s. 152



        (2)    If the property is subject to a mortgage which is also security
               against other property then, despite any other enactment and any
               inconsistent term of the mortgage, the extent of the security over
               the sold property is the proportion that the value of the sold
5              property bore to the total value of all the secured property at the
               time that the security over the sold property was given.

     152.      Innocent parties
        (1)    A person is an innocent party in relation to crime-used or
               crime-derived property if the person --
10               (a) was not in any way involved in the commission of the
                      relevant confiscation offence; and
                 (b) did not know, and had no reasonable grounds for
                      suspecting, that the relevant confiscation offence was
                      being or would be committed, or took all reasonable
15                    steps to prevent its commission.
        (2)    A person is an innocent party in relation to crime-used property
               if the person --
                  (a) did not know, and had no reasonable grounds for
                        suspecting, that the property was being or would be used
20                      in or in connection with the commission of the relevant
                        confiscation offence; or
                  (b) took all reasonable steps to prevent its use.
        (3)    A person who owns or effectively controls crime-used or
               crime-derived property is an innocent party in relation to the
25             property if --
                 (a) the person did not acquire the property or its effective
                      control before the time that the relevant confiscation
                      offence was committed or is likely to have been
                      committed;



     page 94
                                     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                                Interpretation       Part 12

                                                                           s. 153



             (b)   at the time of acquiring the property or its effective
                   control, the person did not know and had no reasonable
                   grounds for suspecting that the property was crime-used
                   or crime-derived;
5            (c)   if the person acquired the property for valuable
                   consideration -- the consideration was lawfully
                   acquired; and
             (d)   the person did not acquire the property, either as a gift or
                   for valuable consideration, with the intention of
10                 avoiding the operation of this Act.

     153.   Transfer of property for value
            For the purposes of this Act --
             (a)   property transferred under a will or administration of an
                   intestate estate is not taken to be transferred for value; and
15           (b)   property transferred in the course of proceedings in the
                   Family Court of Western Australia or the Family Court
                   of Australia is taken to be transferred for value.

     154.   Property-tracking documents
            For the purposes of this Act, a document is a property-tracking
20          document if the document is relevant to --
              (a) identifying or locating crime-used property or
                    crime-derived property;
             (b) determining the value of any crime-used property or
                    crime-derived property;
25            (c) identifying or locating any or all constituents of a
                    person's wealth;
             (d) determining the value of any or all constituents of a
                    person's wealth; or



                                                                          page 95
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 12        Interpretation

     s. 155



                 (e)   identifying or locating any document relating to the
                       transfer of frozen or confiscated property.

     155.      Effective control of property
        (1)    For the purposes of this Act, a person has effective control of
5              property if the person does not have the legal estate in the property,
               but the property is directly or indirectly subject to the control of the
               person, or is held for the ultimate benefit of the person.
        (2)    Without limiting subsection (1), when determining whether a
               person has effective control of any property, the following
10             matters may be taken into account --
                 (a) any shareholdings in, debentures over or directorships of
                      any corporation that has a direct or indirect interest in
                      the property;
                 (b) any trust that has a relationship to the property;
15               (c) family, domestic and business relationships between
                      persons having an interest in the property;
                 (d) family, domestic and business relationships between
                      persons having an interest in or in a corporation that has
                      a direct or indirect interest in the property;
20               (e) family, domestic and business relationships between
                      persons having an interest in a trust that has a
                      relationship to the property;
                  (f) any other relevant matters.

     156.      Conviction of a confiscation offence
25      (1)    For the purposes of this Act, a person is taken to have been
               convicted of a confiscation offence if --
                 (a) the person has been convicted of the confiscation
                       offence, whether or not --



     page 96
                                   Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                              Interpretation       Part 12

                                                                      s. 156



                     (i)  a spent conviction order is made under section 39
                          of the Sentencing Act 1995 in respect of the
                          conviction; or
                    (ii) the conviction was deemed not to be a conviction
5                         by section 20 of the Offenders Community
                          Corrections Act 1963;
            (b)   the person has been charged with and found guilty of a
                  confiscation offence, but is discharged without
                  conviction;
10          (c)   the confiscation offence was taken into account by a
                  court in sentencing the person for another confiscation
                  offence; or
            (d)   the person was charged with a confiscation offence but
                  absconded before the charge is finally determined.
15   (2)   For the purposes of this Act, a person's conviction is taken to
           have been quashed --
             (a) if the person is taken under subsection (1)(a) to have
                   been convicted -- if the conviction is quashed or set
                   aside;
20           (b) if the person is taken under subsection (1)(b) to have
                   been convicted -- if the finding of guilt is quashed or
                   set aside;
             (c) if the person is taken under subsection (1)(c) to have
                   been convicted -- if the decision of the court to take the
25                 confiscation offence into account is quashed or set aside;
                   or
             (d) if the person is taken under subsection (1)(d) to have
                   been convicted -- if the person is brought before a court
                   to answer the charge, and the person is discharged in
30                 respect of the confiscation offence.



                                                                     page 97
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 12        Interpretation

     s. 157



     157.      Charges for an offence
               For the purposes of this Act, a person is taken to have been
               charged with an offence if a complaint has been made against
               the person for the offence, whether or not --
5                (a) a summons requiring the attendance of the person to
                       answer the complaint has been issued; or
                 (b) a warrant for the arrest of the person has been issued.

     158.      Drug traffickers and declared drug traffickers
        (1)    In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears --
10             "declared drug trafficker" means --
                    (a) a person who is declared to be a drug trafficker under
                          section 32A(1) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1981 as a
                          result of being convicted of an offence that was
                          committed, or is more likely than not to have been
15                        committed, after the commencement of this Act; or
                    (b) a person who is taken to be a declared drug trafficker
                          under subsection (2).
        (2)    For the purposes of this Act, a person is taken to be a declared
               drug trafficker if --
20               (a) the person is charged with a serious drug offence within
                       the meaning of section 32A(3) of the Misuse of Drugs
                       Act 1981;
                 (b) the offence was committed, or is more likely than not to
                       have been committed, after the commencement of this
25                     Act;
                 (c) the person could be declared to be a drug trafficker
                       under section 32A(1) of that Act if he or she is
                       convicted of the offence;
                 (d) the charge is not disposed of or finally determined; and


     page 98
                                     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
                                                Interpretation       Part 12

                                                                       s. 159



              (e)   the person absconds in connection with the offence.

     159.    Absconding in connection with an offence
       (1)   A person charged with an offence is taken to abscond in
             connection with the offence if --
5              (a) a warrant for the person's arrest for the offence is in
                    force, or the person was arrested without warrant either
                    before or after the person was charged with the offence;
               (b) the charge has neither been disposed of nor finally
                    determined;
10             (c) at least 6 months have passed since the warrant was
                    issued; and
               (d) the person cannot be found.
       (2)   A person charged with an offence is taken to abscond in
             connection with the offence if --
15             (a) a warrant for the person's arrest for the offence is in
                    force, or the person is arrested for the offence without
                    warrant (whether before or after being charged with the
                    offence);
               (b) the charge has neither been disposed of nor finally
20                  determined; and
               (c) the person dies.

     160.    Sham transactions
       (1)   For the purposes of this Act, a person carries out a sham
             transaction if --
25             (a) the person carries out a transaction within the meaning
                     of subsection (2); and




                                                                      page 99
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000
     Part 12        Interpretation

     s. 160



                 (b)   the transaction was carried out for the purpose of
                       directly or indirectly defeating, avoiding, preventing or
                       impeding the operation of this Act in any respect.
        (2)     For the purposes of subsection (1), the person carries out a
5               transaction if the person carries out, makes, gives or designs --
                  (a) any agreement, arrangement, understanding, promise or
                        undertaking, whether express or implied and whether or
                        not enforceable, or intended to be enforceable, by legal
                        proceedings; or
10                (b) any scheme, plan, proposal, action, course of action, or
                        course of conduct.




     page 100
                                Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



                                                                    Glossary



                              Glossary
                                                                          [s. 3]
     "abscond", in connection with an offence, has the meaning given in
         section 159;
5    "account" means any facility or arrangement through which a
         financial institution accepts deposits or allows withdrawals and
         includes a facility or arrangement for fixed term deposit and a
         safety deposit box;
     "agent" includes, if the agent is a corporation, an officer of the
10       corporation;
     "bank" means --
          (a)    the Reserve Bank of Australia;
          (b)    a bank within the meaning of the Banking Act 1959 of the
                 Commonwealth;
15        (c)    a person who carries on State banking within the meaning
                 of section 51(xiii) of the Commonwealth Constitution;
     "building society" means a society registered or incorporated under
          an enactment as a building society, permanent building society,
          cooperative housing society or similar society;
20   "charge", in relation to an offence, has the meaning given in
         section 157;
     "confiscated", in relation to property, means confiscated under
         section 6, 7 or 8;
     "confiscable", in relation to property, has the meaning given in
25       section 141;
     "Confiscation Proceeds Account" means the account established
         under section 130;
     "confiscable property declaration" means a declaration made under
         section 28;
30   "confiscation offence" has the meaning given in section 140;
     "conviction", in relation to a confiscation offence, has the meaning
         given in section 156;


                                                                     page 101
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



     Glossary



                "corporation" means --
                     (a) a financial institution; or
                     (b) a corporation within the meaning of the Companies
                          (Western Australia) Code;
5               "corresponding law", in relation to the Commonwealth, another
                    State or a Territory, means a law of the Commonwealth, State or
                    Territory that is prescribed in the regulations as a law that
                    corresponds to this Act;
                "court" means --
10                   (a) in relation to making an application under this Act -- a
                          court having jurisdiction under section 101 to hear and
                          determine the application;
                     (b)   in relation to proceedings on an application under this
                           Act -- the court in which the application was filed, or
15                         another court having jurisdiction, whether under this Act
                           or another enactment, in the proceedings;
                     (c)   in relation to a freezing notice -- the court in which the
                           notice was filed; or
                     (d)   in relation to a declaration or order under this Act -- the
20                         court that made the order;
                "credit union" means a society registered under an enactment as a
                    credit union or credit society;
                "crime-derived", in relation to property, has the definition given in
                     section 147;
25              "crime-used", in relation to property, has the meaning given in
                     section 145;
                "crime-used property substitution declaration" means a
                     declaration under section 22;
                "criminal benefit" has the definition given in section 144;
30              "criminal benefits declaration" means a declaration under
                     section 16 or 17;
                "criminal use" in relation to a person and property, has the meaning
                     given in section 146;

     page 102
                               Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



                                                                    Glossary



     "deal", in relation to property, has the meaning given in section 150;
     "declared drug trafficker" has the meaning given in section 158;
     "director", in relation to a financial institution or a corporation,
          means --
5         (a)   if the institution or corporation is a body corporate
                incorporated for a public purpose under a law of the
                Commonwealth or of a State or Territory -- a constituent
                member of the body corporate;
          (b)   a person occupying or acting in the position of director of
10              the institution or corporation, by whatever name called
                and whether or not validly appointed to occupy or duly
                authorised to act in the position; or
          (c)   a person in accordance with whose directions or
                instructions the directors of the institution or corporation
15              are accustomed to act;
     "dispose of ", in relation to a charge, means --
          (a)   withdraw;
          (b)   dismiss; or
          (c)   file a nolle prosequi in relation to the offence;
20   "document" includes --
         (a) any publication and any matter written, expressed, or
              described, electronically or otherwise, upon any substance
              by means of letters, figures or marks, or by more than one
              of those means, which is intended to be used or may be
25            used for the purpose of recording that matter; and
          (b)   a computer disk, computer or any other substance or
                equipment, whether electronic or not, used to create or
                store any publication or matter referred to in
                paragraph (a);
30   "DPP" means the holder of the office of Director of Public
        Prosecutions created by section 4 of the Director of Public
        Prosecutions Act 1991;



                                                                    page 103
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



     Glossary



                "effective control", in relation to property, has the definition given in
                     section 155;
                "encumbrance", in relation to property, includes any interest,
                    mortgage, charge, right, claim or demand in respect of the
5                   property;
                "examination" means examination under an order under
                    section 58(1);
                "examination order" means an order under section 58(1);
                "executive officer", in relation to a financial institution or a
10                  corporation, means any person, by whatever name called, and
                    whether or not he or she is a director of the institution or
                    corporation, who is concerned, or takes part, in the management
                    of the institution or corporation;
                "financial institution" means --
15                   (a)    a bank;
                     (b)    a building society;
                     (c)    a credit union;
                     (d)    a financial corporation within the meaning of
                            section 51(xx) of the Constitution of the Commonwealth;
20                          or
                     (e)    a body corporate that would be a financial corporation
                            within the meaning of section 51(xx) of the Constitution
                            of the Commonwealth if the body had been incorporated
                            in Australia;
25              "freezing notice" means a freezing notice issued under section 34;
                "freezing order" means an order under section 43;
                "frozen", in relation to property and in relation to a freezing notice or
                     freezing order, means subject to the freezing notice or the
                     freezing order;
30              "give", in relation to property, includes transfer for consideration that
                     is significantly less than the greater of --
                     (a)    the market value of the property at the time of transfer;
                            and

     page 104
                                Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



                                                                    Glossary



          (b)  the consideration paid by the transferee;
     "innocent party" has the meaning given in section 152;
     "interested party" , in relation to frozen property, means a person
          who has an interest in the property that would enable the person
5         to succeed on an objection to the confiscation of the property;
     "interstate confiscation offence" means an offence (including a
          common law offence) against a law in force in another State or a
          Territory, being an offence in relation to which an interstate
          confiscation declaration or an interstate criminal benefits
10        declaration may be made under a corresponding law of the State
          or Territory;
     "interstate confiscation declaration" means a declaration or order
          (however described) that is made by or under a corresponding
          law of another State or a Territory and that is prescribed by the
15        regulations for the purposes of this definition;
     "interstate criminal benefits declaration" means a declaration or
          order (however described) that is made by or under a
          corresponding law of another State or a Territory and that is
          prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this definition;
20   "interstate freezing order" means a notice or order (however
          described) that is made by or under a corresponding law of
          another State or a Territory and that is prescribed by the
          regulations for the purposes of this definition;
     "lawfully acquired ", in relation to any property, service, advantage
25       or benefit, has the meaning given in section 148;
     "medical practitioner" has the same meaning as in the Medical
         Act 1894;
     "monitoring order" means an order under section 68(1);
     "objection" means an objection filed under section 79 to the
30       confiscation of property;
     "officer", in relation to a corporation, means a director, secretary,
          executive officer, employee or agent of the corporation;
     "owner", in relation to property, means a person who has a legal or
         equitable interest in the property;

                                                                    page 105
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



     Glossary



                "police officer", in relation to a function, includes a person
                     authorised to carry out the function under regulations made
                     under section 139(2)(f);
                "premises" includes vessel, aircraft, vehicle, structure, building and
5                   any land or place whether built on or not;
                "production order" means an order under section 63;
                "prohibited drug" has the same meaning as in the Misuse of Drugs
                    Act 1981;
                "prohibited plant" has the same meaning as in the Misuse of Drugs
10                  Act 1981;
                "property" means --
                    (a) real or personal property of any description, wherever
                          situated, whether tangible or intangible; or
                     (b)    a legal or equitable interest in any property referred to in
15                          paragraph (a);
                "property-tracking document" has the meaning given in
                    section 154;
                "recipient", in relation to a freezing notice or freezing order, means a
                     person on whom a copy of the notice or order is served under
20                   section 36 or 46;
                "registered", in relation to an interstate freezing order or an interstate
                     confiscation declaration, means registered under section 118;
                "registrable real property" means property to which the Transfer of
                     Land Act 1893 applies;
25              "relevant confiscation offence", in relation to confiscable property,
                     means the confiscation offence or suspected confiscation offence
                     that is relevant to bringing the property within the scope of this
                     Act;
                "respondent" means --
30                   (a) in relation to an application for an unexplained wealth
                         declaration, a criminal benefits declaration or a crime-used
                         property substitution declaration --the person against
                         whom the order is sought; or


     page 106
                                Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



                                                                    Glossary



          (b)    in relation to an unexplained wealth declaration, a criminal
                 benefits declaration or a crime-used property substitution
                 declaration -- the person against whom the order is made;
     "restricted disclosure" means a disclosure about a matter of a kind
5         referred to in a paragraph of section 70(1);
     "seized", in relation to property, means seized under section 33(1);
     "service cut off date", in relation to frozen property, has the meaning
          given in section 149;
     "sham transaction" has the meaning given in section 160;
10   "spouse" includes de facto spouse;
     "State taxes", in relation to frozen property, means any rates, land
          tax, local government or other statutory charges imposed on the
          property under a law of this State;
     "suspension order" means an order under section 68(2);
15   "transaction", in relation to an account with a financial institution,
          includes --
          (a)    the making of a fixed term deposit;
          (b)    the transferring of the amount of a fixed term deposit, or
                 any part of it, at the end of the term;
20   "unexplained wealth" has the meaning given in section 143;
     "unexplained wealth declaration" means a declaration under
         section 12;
     "valuable consideration", in relation to the transfer of property, does
          not include --
25        (a)    any consideration for the transfer arising from the fact of a
                 family relationship between the transferor and transferee;
          (b)    if the transferor is the legal or de facto spouse of the
                 transferee -- the making by the transferor of a deed in
                 favour of the transferee;
30        (c)    a promise by the transferee to become the legal or de facto
                 spouse of the transferor;



                                                                    page 107
     Criminal Property Confiscation Bill 2000



     Glossary



                     (d)   any consideration arising from the transferor's love or
                           affection for the transferee;
                     (e)   the transfer of the property as a result of the distribution of
                           a deceased estate;
5                    (f)   the transfer of the property by way of gift; or
                     (g)   consideration that is significantly less than the greater
                           of --
                             (i)   the market value of the property at the time of
                                   transfer; and
10                          (ii)   the consideration paid by the transferee;
                "value", in relation to --
                     (a) a person's unexplained wealth -- means the amount
                           calculated in accordance with section 13;
                     (b)   a person's wealth -- has the meaning given in section
15                         143(2);
                     (c)   a person's lawfully acquired wealth -- has the meaning
                           given in section 143(3);
                     (d)   property sold by or for the State -- has the meaning given
                           in section 151; and
20                   (e)   the transfer of property -- has the meaning given in
                           section 153;
                "wealth" has the meaning given in section 142.




 


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