Part 10 of the Principal Regulations is rescinded and the following Part is substituted:

PART 10 - Control of Emissions

Note

This Part sets out requirements to ensure that motor vehicles do not emit too much smoke or noise and that exhaust gases cannot enter the passenger compartment of a vehicle.

Division 1 - Crank case gases and exhaust emissions

124.     Crank case gases

(1)  This regulation applies to a light motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels that –

(a) is powered by a petrol engine; and

(b) was built after 1971.

(2)  The light motor vehicle must be built to prevent, or fitted with equipment that prevents, crank case gases from escaping to the atmosphere.

125.     Visible emissions – light vehicles with internal combustion engines

(1)  This regulation applies to a light motor vehicle that –

(a) is propelled by an internal combustion engine; and

(b) was built after 1930.

(2)  The light motor vehicle must not emit visible emissions for a continuous period of at least 10 seconds.

(3)  However, this regulation does not apply to emissions that are visible only because of heat or the condensation of water vapour.

126.     Exhaust emissions – diesel-powered light vehicles

(1)  In this regulation –

oxides emission rate means the rate measured in grams of oxides of nitrogen emitted per kilometre travelled by a light vehicle per tonne of the test mass of that light vehicle;

particle emissions rate means the rate measured in grams of particles emitted per kilometre travelled by a light vehicle per tonne of the test mass of that light vehicle;

tare mass , of a vehicle, means the unladen mass of the vehicle, however described;

test mass , of a vehicle, means –

(a) if the vehicle is a light prime mover, half the sum of its tare mass and its GCM; or

(b) for any other light motor vehicle, half the sum of its tare mass and its GVM.

Note : The test mass of a vehicle is the load applied to the dynamometer, while the vehicle is under test, to simulate half payload operation.

(2)  This regulation applies to a light motor vehicle that –

(a) is powered by a diesel engine; and

(b) meets the criteria for a passenger vehicle, including omnibuses and goods vehicles as defined under the ADRs.

(3)  For subregulation (4), a vehicle is taken to have been manufactured in the month shown as the month of its manufacture on the identification plate affixed or taken to be affixed on the vehicle.

(4)  When a vehicle is tested in accordance with regulation 128, the vehicle must comply with the following requirements:

(a) the vehicle must not emit oxides of nitrogen at an oxides emission rate greater than that stated for the vehicle according to its GVM rating and age in the following table:

GVM rating of vehicle	Oxides emission rate (g/km/t)
	Vehicle manufactured in December 1995 or earlier	Vehicle manufactured in January 1996 or later
3.5 or less	1.5	1.5
More than 3.5	2.0	2.0

(b) the vehicle must not emit particles at a particle emissions rate greater than that stated for the vehicle according to its GVM rating and age in the following table:

GVM rating of vehicle	Particle emissions rate (g/km/t)
	Vehicle manufactured in December 1995 or earlier	Vehicle manufactured in January 1996 or later
3.5 or less	0.23	0.23
More than 3.5	0.23	0.15

(c) the opacity of the exhaust gas emitted by the vehicle must not be greater than 25%, averaged over a test cycle of the vehicle performed in accordance with regulations 127 and 128.

127.     Requirements of DT 80 test cycle

(1)  The requirements stated in this regulation are the minimum standards for the dynamometer, emissions measure and data management systems necessary to enable the proper conduct of a test cycle (the DT 80 test cycle ) of a vehicle.

(2)  The DT 80 test cycle must be conducted on a chassis dynamometer system that –

(a) can carry out a wide open throttle transient DT 80 test cycle, as described in regulation 128, for the vehicle being tested; and

(b) provides for vehicle speed measurement and display, to an accuracy of ± 1% of actual speed; and

(c) provides internal steady state accuracy of ± 1% of calculated required tractive load over ambient temperatures of 2º-40ºC; and

(d) provides a T95 response time of 3 seconds or less; and

(e) provides inertial loading as required by the DT 80 test cycle procedure at speeds of >15 km/h; and

(f) compensates for aerodynamic drag, rolling resistance and other parasitic losses; and

(g) corrects for ambient temperature, humidity and air density; and

(h) provides torque measurement accuracy of better than 1% full scale; and

(i) keeps roller speed within ± 10 km/h through gear changes; and

(j) restricts overshoot upon initial acceleration of rollers from rest; and

(k) incorporates a driver control panel for remote operation of critical functions from the driver's seat, including controls for the start test and stop test; and

(l) incorporates an emergency system override function; and

(m) is able to communicate speed, load and status signals to enable the driver to undertake the test in accordance with the DT 80 test cycle procedure; and

(n) is integrated with the gas and particulate analysis system to initiate the start and finish of sampling and measurement, and generates emission results without the need for post-test processing.

(3)  The DT 80 test cycle must be conducted on an emissions measurement system that –

(a) is integrated with the dynamometer system specified in subregulation (2); and

(b) has a data averaging interval of one second for all equipment; and

(c) provides emissions data sampling output > or =5Hz; and

(d) measures oxides of nitrogen (from both a diluted and conditioned sample) with an accuracy of ± 30ppm over the range of 0-1 000ppm and ± 5% over the range 1 001-5 000ppm; and

(e) measures particulate matter (from a diluted sample) as TSP or PM 10 with an accuracy of ± 10% on a real-time continuous basis over a range of 0-1 000 mg/m ³ actual exhaust concentration at a sample temperature of <51.7ºC; and

(f) measures opacity (from a raw exhaust sample) with an accuracy of ± 1% over a range of 0-100% opacity; and

(g) measures flow rate with an accuracy of ± 5%; and

(h) measures ambient temperature with an accuracy of ± 1ºC over a range of 0º-50ºC; and

(i) measures ambient humidity with an accuracy of ± 5% over a range of 0-100%; and

(j) compensates or corrects for ambient temperature and humidity; and

(k) compensates for exhaust gas transport times and delays; and

(l) provides for on-line calibration of the emissions measurement system; and

(m) provides an exhaust sample collection and conditioning system –

(i) that is optimised to accommodate the exhaust temperature and flow rate, and emission concentration, for the vehicle being tested; and

(ii) that provides adequate conditioning of the exhaust gas to eliminate water in the sample stream and reduce temperatures to enable PM to be sampled at <51.7ºC; and

(n) uses materials and equipment that are compatible with the exhaust from diesel-fuelled vehicles.

(4)  The DT 80 test cycle must be conducted on a data management system that –

(a) is integrated with the dynamometer system specified in subregulation (2) and the emissions measurement system specified in subregulation (3); and

(b) records the following items for each test:

(i) the date, time, location and operator;

(ii) the emissions analyser calibration data;

(iii) vehicle input data, including test mass tractive load corrections and identifying information;

(iv) dynamometer data (load, speed, distance) on a second-by-second basis;

(v) test data on a second-by-second basis from which a mass emission test result in g/km/t can be generated; and

(c) displays, stores and reports all data in the International System of units; and

(d) provides a system for electronic backup of test data to local and remote media; and

(e) incorporates a quality control system that –

(i) ensures that calibrations are carried out in accordance with manufacturers' specifications; and

(ii) provides records consistent with normal audit requirements; and

(f) prints a test report containing at least the following items:

(i) the registered business name, ABN and address of the test facility;

(ii) the registration number, make, model, GVM rating and date of manufacture of the tested vehicle;

(iii) the date and location of the test;

(iv) the final calculated oxides of nitrogen and PM results in g/km/t;

(v) the final calculated opacity results in percentage;

(vi) a statement of pass or fail for each emission compared with the emissions limits stated in regulation 126;

(vii) the signature of the test facility operator confirming that the test was conducted in accordance with the test procedure specified in this regulation and regulation 128.

128.     DT 80 test procedure

For the purposes of regulation 127, the procedure for a DT 80 test cycle is as follows:

Steps
1.	Secure the vehicle on the dynamometer.
2.	Set the dynamometer to simulate the correct load and inertia for the vehicle.
3.	Start sampling.
4.	Idle for 60 seconds.
5.	Accelerate rapidly to 80 km/h under simulated inertia, using wide open throttle, making gear changes as needed for smooth acceleration.
6.	Decelerate by removing all pressure from the accelerator pedal, disengaging the gears and gently applying brakes to bring the vehicle to a standstill.
7.	Idle for 10 seconds.
8.	Accelerate rapidly to 80 km/h under simulated inertia, using wide open throttle, making gear changes as needed for smooth acceleration.
9.	Decelerate by removing all pressure from the accelerator pedal, disengaging the gears and gently applying brakes to bring the vehicle to a standstill.
10.	Idle for 10 seconds.
11.	Accelerate rapidly to 80 km/h under simulated inertia, using wide open throttle, making gear changes as needed for smooth acceleration.
12.	Keep speed at 80 km/h for 60 seconds, then stop sampling and bring the vehicle to rest.
Note : Explanation of the test procedure.
This test has been designed to evaluate vehicle emissions during typical 'real-world' operating modes and conditions. There are 3 simple modes –
3 idle periods;
acceleration to 80 km/h 3 times;
keep speed at 80 km/h.
The graph below shows the modes of operation. The actual test will result in a graph that has more variation than the graph below, because of the need to change gears when accelerating. Modes B-D and E-G and H-I have no specific time interval. All the specified time periods have an error margin of ± 1 second. The vehicle is accelerated rapidly to 80 km/h 3 times by applying wide open throttle.
The driver selects the most appropriate gear change points for the vehicle being tested to achieve the correct speed.
The vehicle's rolling resistance (based on tyre and bearing losses, frontal area and drag coefficient) must also be calculated and continuously factored into the dynamometer tractive effort calculations to ensure correct loading.
Empirical algorithms, based on the vehicle test mass, GVM or other known parameters, may be used to automatically calculate realistic coefficients for the variable.

Division 2 - Exhaust systems

129.     Exhaust systems

(1)  In this regulation –

bus exhaust outlet means an outlet of an exhaust system fitted to a bus;

motor trike exhaust outlet means an outlet of an exhaust system fitted to a motor trike;

vertical exhaust system means an exhaust system that emits exhaust gases in an upwards direction above or near the top of a vehicle to which the exhaust system is fitted.

(2)  A motor trike exhaust outlet with a permanently enclosed body must –

(a) extend at least 40 millimetres beyond the outermost joint of the floorpan that is not continuously welded or permanently sealed; and

(b) not extend beyond the perimeter of the vehicle.

(3)  A motor trike exhaust outlet must discharge the main exhaust flow to the air –

(a) if the outlet is fitted to the side of the motor trike, to the right hand side of the motor trike and below the horizontal axis of the motor trike at an angle between 15 degrees and 45 degrees; or

(b) if the outlet is fitted to the rear of the motor trike, at an angle between 10 degrees above the horizontal axis of the motor trike and 45 degrees below that axis.

(4)  A bus exhaust outlet must be as near as practicable to the rear of the bus.

(5)  If the bus is not fitted with a vertical exhaust system, the bus exhaust outlet must not extend beyond the perimeter of the bus.

(6)  If the bus is fitted with a vertical exhaust system, the bus exhaust outlet must be located behind the rearmost part of the passenger compartment.

(7)  A bus exhaust outlet must discharge the main exhaust flow to the air –

(a) if the outlet is not part of a vertical exhaust system –

(i) towards the rear, or to the right, of the bus; and

(ii) horizontally or downwards at an angle of not more than 45 degrees below the horizontal axis; or

(b) if the outlet is part of a vertical exhaust system, vertically upwards or towards the rear of the bus at any angle above the horizontal axis.

Division 3 - Noise emissions

Subdivision 1 - General

130.     Measurement of stationary noise levels

(1)  In this regulation –

National Transport Commission means the National Transport Commission established by the National Transport Commission Act 2003 of the Commonwealth.

(2)  For this Division, the stationary noise level of a light motor vehicle is to be measured in accordance with the procedure set out for that type of motor vehicle in the report entitled the National Stationary Exhaust Noise Test Procedures for In-service Motor Vehicles , published by the National Transport Commission in September 2006, as in force from time to time.

Note

National Stationary Exhaust Noise Test Procedures for In-service Motor Vehicles (ISBN: 1 921168 50 1) is available on the National Transport Commission's website at www.ntc.gov.au

131.     Meaning of certified to ADR 83/00

For this Division, a light motor vehicle is certified to ADR 83/00 if approval has been given, under section 10A of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 of the Commonwealth, to place identification plates showing compliance with ADR 83/00 on motor vehicles of that type.

132.     Silencing device for exhaust systems

(1)  A light motor vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine must be fitted with a silencing device through which all the exhaust from the engine passes.

(2)  A silencing device, fitted to a vehicle as required under subregulation (1), that is designed to be manipulated by the vehicle's operator, such as by means of in-vehicle controls, must be designed so that it can be tested with the device fully opened.

Subdivision 2 - Noise levels applying to light motor vehicles certified before the application of ADR 83/00

133.     Application of Subdivision

This Subdivision applies to a light motor vehicle other than a light motor vehicle certified to ADR 83/00.

134.     Stationary noise levels: car-type vehicles and motor bikes and motor trikes

(1)  In this regulation –

car-type vehicle means –

(a) a car; or

(b) a utility truck, panel van or other light motor vehicle derived from a car design; or

(c) a light motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels that is built mainly to carry not more than 9 people including the driver.

(2)  The stationary noise level of a car-type vehicle, or motor bike or motor trike, must not exceed –

(a) for a car-type vehicle built after 1982, 90dB(A); or

(b) for another car-type vehicle, 96dB(A); or

(c) for a motor bike or motor trike built after February 1985, 94dB(A); or

(d) for another motor bike or motor trike, 100dB(A).

134A.     Stationary noise levels: other light vehicles with spark ignition engines

(1)  This regulation applies to a light motor vehicle, other than a light motor vehicle to which regulation 134 applies, with a spark ignition engine.

(2)  The stationary noise level of the light motor vehicle must not exceed the noise level applying to the vehicle under the following table:

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4	Column 5
Item	GVM (t)	Exhaust height (mm)	When vehicle built	Noise level (dB(A))
1.	< or = 3.5	< 1500	before July 1983	92
			after June 1983	89
2.	> 3.5	< 1500	before July 1983	98
			after June 1983	95
3.	< or = 3.5	> or = 1500	before July 1983	88
			after June 1983	85
4.	> 3.5	> or = 1500	before July 1983	94
			after June 1983	91

134B.     Stationary noise levels: other light motor vehicles with diesel engines

(1)  This regulation applies to a light motor vehicle, other than a motor vehicle to which regulation 134 applies, with a diesel engine.

(2)  The stationary noise level of the light motor vehicle must not exceed the noise level applying to the vehicle under the following table:

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4	Column 5
Item	GVM (t)	Exhaust height (mm)	When vehicle built	Noise level (dB(A))
1.	< or = 3.5	< 1500	before July 1980	105
			after June 1980 but before July 1983	102
			after June 1983	99
2.	> 3.5	< 1500	before July 1980	107
			after June 1980 but before July 1983	104
			after June 1983	101
3.	< or = 3.5	> or = 1500	before July 1980	101
			after June 1980 but before July 1983	98
			after June 1983	95
4.	> 3.5	> or = 1500	before July 1980	103
			after June 1980 but before July 1983	100
			after June 1983	97

Subdivision 3 - Noise levels applying to motor vehicles certified to ADR 83/00

134C.     Stationary noise levels

The stationary noise level of a light motor vehicle that is certified to ADR 83/00 must not exceed, by more than 5dB(A), the noise level that is established for the vehicle when it is certified.